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FINALPP in eia report for btech students T.pptx
- 1. SUBMITTED TO: DR.DISHA THAKUR SUBMITTEDBY: RAJAT AND SIDHARTH
- 2. INTRODUCTION What is EnvironmentalManagement? Environmental management can be defined as the management of how humans and companies impact the environment. Environmental management in a business context means taking care of the way an organization impacts the environment. Environmental management may involve assessing and monitoring environmental impacts, developing and implementing strategies for sustainable development, and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and standards.
- 4. Scope of EnvironmentalManagement : Environmental management is very wide in scope and includes all the technical, economical and other aspects of environment. The broader objectives of environmental management includes: (i) To identify the environmental problem and to find its solution. (ii) To restrict and regulate the exploitation and utilization of natural resources. (iii) To regenerate degraded environment and to renew natural resources (renewable) (iv) To control environmental pollution and gradation.
- 5. (v) To reducethe impacts of extreme events and natural disaster. (vi) To make optimum utilization of natural resources. (vii) To assess the impacts of proposed projects and activities on environment. (viii) To review and revise the existing technologies and make them ecofriendly. (ix) To formulate laws for the implementation of environmental protection and conservation programmes.
- 6. What is anEnvironmental Management System (EMS)? • An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a set of processes and practices put in place by an organization in order to continuously reduce its environmental impacts, and increase its operating efficiency according to a planned strategy. • It is vital to understand that Environmental Management Systems do not reduce impacts in themselves, but rather introduce procedures that will help an organization to monitor and improve its environmental performance in a structured and systematic manner. • Adopting an EMS does not dictate the environmental goals and targets of an organization, but can be used to enhance the ability of an organization to achieve its set environmental commitments.
- 7. Components of EnvironmentalManagement System (EMS) • A written environmental policy: This is a publicly available document which is prepared by the company and which clearly states its aims and intentions with respect to the environment. It should include the company’s commitment to continuously improving its environmental performance, reducing its impacts, and complying with environmental regulations • Environmental performance goals and indicators: An organization’s environmental goals should be derived from its policy and be in accordance with its available resources. These goals are then used to establish quantifiable targets, which are in turn measured using environmental indicators. For example, an organization’s goal could be to achieve 5% reduction in energy consumption, and the indicator for this goal could be the quantity of energy used/year.
- 8. • An environmentaltraining program for employees: Roles and responsibilities should be assigned among the staff to effectively meet the set goals. It is vital to ensure all employees are trained to effectively perform their roles and responsibilities. • Internal environmental audits: This will involve performing (internally) a periodic evaluation of the organization’s processes to ensure compliance with regulations and other set criteria, and identifying what corrective actions and amendments are needed.
- 9. Preventive policies forenvironmental management • Preventive policies for environmental management are designed to mitigate and reduce the negative impacts of human activities on the environment. • Environmental policies encompass a wide range of measures aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable practices. These policies can cover various sectors such as air and water pollution control, waste management, conservation of biodiversity, renewable energy promotion, climate change mitigation, and more. • By implementing comprehensive environmental policies, governments strive to strike a balance between economic development and ecological sustainability.
- 10. Environmental Policy –(Prior To 1972) During this period, India focused on a few key environmental policies and practices, including: Forest Conservation Act, 1927: This act aimed to curb deforestation and protect forests by regulating the felling of trees and ensuring sustainable forest management practices. Wild Birds and Animals Protection Act, 1912: This legislation sought to conserve wildlife and protect endangered species by declaring certain areas as game sanctuaries and national parks. River Pollution Acts: Several acts were introduced to control the pollution of rivers caused by industrial and domestic waste discharge.
- 11. Industrial Disputes Act,1947: This act, although primarily concerned with labor disputes, indirectly contributed to environmental protection by introducing provisions regarding the welfare of workers, including their health and safety. . National Environment Policy, 2006 The National Environment Policy of India, formulated in 2006, acts as a comprehensive guideline for sustainable development and environmental governance in the country. This policy aims to integrate environmental concerns into all aspects of development planning and decision-making processes
- 12. Objectives of theNational Environment Policy, 2006 The key objectives of the National Environment Policy, 2006 are as follows: • The policy aims to protect ecosystems and natural resources through conservation, sustainable use and good governance. • It wants to integrate environmental concerns into all development policies and plans. • The policy promotes sustainable production and consumption to use resources more efficiently and reduce pollution and waste. • It recognizes that education can build awareness about environment issues and change people's attitudes and behaviors. • The policy tries to balance meeting current needs with preserving resources and ecosystems for future use.
- 13. Importance of renewableenergy resources Renewable energy resources play a crucial role in addressing various environmental, economic, and social challenges. Here are some key aspects highlighting the importance of renewable energy: 1. Environmental Benefits: • Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions • Air and Water Quality Improvement. 2. Energy Security and Independence: • Diversification of Energy Sources • Decentralized Energy Production
- 14. 3. Economic Opportunities: •Job Creation • Technological Advancements 4. Resource Sustainability: • Inexhaustible Resources • Reduced Resource Depletion 5. Cost Competitiveness: • Cost Reduction Over Time • Financial Incentives
- 15. Pollution control strategy RegulatoryFramework: • Establish environmental regulations for industries, vehicles, and other potential pollution sources. • Monitor and regularly update regulations to keep pace with technological advancements and emerging pollutants. • Implement penalties for non-compliance to create a deterrent effect. Monitoring and Assessment: • Set up a robust system for continuous monitoring of air, water, and soil quality. • Use advanced technologies like remote sensing, satellite imagery, and sensors for real-time data collection. • Regularly assess the impact of pollution on ecosystems and public health.
- 16. Pollution prevention Waste Collection Properwaste collection is an important strategy to control environmental pollution. The municipal workers collect the household waste and dump it at the disposal sites where the waste is categorised and segregated into two categories, non- biodegradable and biodegradable. Waste Disposal Efficient waste disposal is a crucial strategy to control environmental pollution. Suppose techniques for waste management are not executed. In that case it may cause epidemics due to contamination of the groundwater leading to water pollution, posing health risks to the people who dispose of waste.
- 17. • Take walksor use bicycles instead of driving bikes or cars, when possible. • Choose public vehicle over commercial or own automobiles • Turn the electric items like a fan and light off when the room is empty • Replace energy-consuming incandescent bulbs with some portable LEDs or fluorescent bulbs • Head for natural reserves like solar or windmill plants to use electricity • Grow more trees as they naturally purify the air. • Less use of plastic • Reducing forest fires and smoking
- 18. • Public Awarenessand Education: 1. Conduct awareness campaigns to educate the public about the impact of pollution on health and the environment. 2. Promote sustainable practices at the individual and community levels. 3. Involve schools, media, and community organizations in environmental education. • Green Infrastructure: 1. Invest in green infrastructure projects, such as urban parks, green roofs, and permeable pavements, to absorb pollutants and enhance environmental quality. 2. Develop and maintain natural ecosystems, such as wetlands and forests, which play a crucial role in pollution control.
- 19. • Natural Evaporation Theprocess involves large impoundments with no discharge. This method is particularly beneficial where recovery of residues is desirable such as for disposal of brines. • Groundwater Recharge Methods for groundwater recharge include rapid infiltration by effluent application or impoundment, intermittent percolation, and direct injection. In all cases risks for groundwater pollution exists. • Irrigation In most cases food chain crops (i.e. crops consumed by humans and those animals whose products are consumed by humans) may not be irrigated by effluent. However, field crops such as cotton, sugar beets, and crops for seed production are grown with wastewater effluent. Disposal of Treated Effluents
- 20. • Recreational Lakes Theeffluent from the secondary treatment is stored in a lagoon for approximately 30 days. The effluent from the lagoon is chlorinated and then percolated through an area of sand and gravel, through which it travels for approximately 0.5 km and is collected in an interceptor trench. It is discharged into a series of lakes used for swimming, boating and fishing. • Industrial Uses Effluent has been successfully used as a cooling water or boiler feed water. • Discharge into Natural Waters Discharge into natural waters is the most common disposal practice. The self- purification or assimilative capacity of natural waters is thus utilized to provide the remaining treatment.
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- 22. 1. Landfill In thisprocess, the waste that cannot be reused or recycled are separated out and spread as a thin layer in low-lying areas across a city. A layer of soil is added after each layer of garbage. 2. Incineration Incineration is the process of controlled combustion of garbage to reduce it to incombustible matter such as ash and waste gas. 3. Biogas Generation Biodegradable waste, such as food items, animal waste or organic industrial waste from food packaging industries are sent to bio-degradation plants. In bio- degradation plants, they are converted to biogas by degradation with the help of bacteria, fungi, or other microbes.
- 23. 4. Waste Compaction Thewaste materials such as cans and plastic bottles are compacted into blocks and sent for recycling. This process prevents the oxidation of metals and reduces airspace need, thus making transportation and positioning easy. 5. Composting All organic materials decompose with time. The process of composting starts with these organic wastes being buried under layers of soil and then, are left to decay under the action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. This results in the formation of nutrient-rich manure. In agriculture, it is the best alternative to chemical fertilizers.
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