Fire and safety management

Fire and safety management

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  K.L.E DR M.S.SHESHGIRI COLLEGEOF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING BE 8TH SEM SEMINAR ON “FIRE AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF BUILDING” PRESENTED BY : Imtiyaz Topinkatti UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF : Prof. V.D.Gundakalle
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  CONTENTS  Introduction  Necessityof Fire and safety  Material selection  Types of Construction  Preventive measures  Exit criteria for building.
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  INTRODUCTION  Fire safetyis the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire in the Buildings.  Fire safety measures the prevention of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to limit the development and effects of a fire after it starts.  Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already standing.
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  NECESSITY OF FIRESAFETY  Safety of the life.  Damage of the property.  Preservation of heritage.  For special buildings like Hotels, Residential Building, Educational Buildings, Institutional building and assembly buildings.  Continuity of operations.  For all high rise building.
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  MATERIAL SELECTION  Concrete:-  High fire resistance  Disintegrate to 400-500◦c  Holes in concrete will expose steel structural member.  Steel :-  Does not burn  May buckle in fire.  High conductivity spreads heat.
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   Timber :- Combustible.  Little loss of strength as charcoal formed insulate wood core.  Spreads flames.  Masonry :-  High fire resistance.  Cracks at 575○c.  Subjects to high temperature during manufacture.  Glass :-  Standard float, toughened and laminated glass panels do not provide any fire resistance.  Monolithic fire rated glass is available.
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  TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION The types of construction according to fire resistance are classified into four categories, namely, Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 and Type 4 construction.  The fire resistance ratings for various types of construction for structural and non-structural members should be as given in Table1. (As per IS 1642:1989, Table 1 & Page no. 2) TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Type 1  Concrete and Steel Structure Type 2  Steel or concrete walls, floors and structural framework.  Roof covering material is Type 3  Masonry bearing wall  Floors, structural framework and roof are made of wood Type 4  Masonry wall  Heavy Timber (Column 8” thick and Girder 6” thick)
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  PREVENTIVE MEASURES  FIREEXTINGUISHERS – Water or Foam based Powder Carbon dioxide and Clean agents (IS 15683:2006, Cl 4 )  AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTORS- Heat Detectors Smoke detector Air Sampling Type Detector Spark/Ember Detector UV Flame Detector (IS 2189:2008, Cl 5 )
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   Flammable combustibleliquids
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  Electric appliances
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   Smoking  HouseKeeping
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  EXIT CRITERIA FORBUILDINGS  An exit may be a doorway, a corridor or passageway to an internal staircase or external staircase or to a verandah or terrace which have access to the street, or roof of a building.  An exit may also include a horizontal exit leading to an adjoining building at the same level.  Buildings should have a minimum two staircases. They should be of enclosed type at least one of them should be on external walls of building or to an open place of safety.
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   Revolving doorsshould not be counted as required exits and should not be installed.  Exits should be so located that it will not be necessary to travel more than 22.5 m from any point to reach the nearest exit.  Non-combustible doors of self- closing type should be provided at each floor landing.
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   The routeto the fire escape should be free from obstructions at all times.  Exits should be so arranged that they may be reached without passing through another occupied unit.  Each exit must be clearly visible and marked with an “EXIT” sign and Exit Direction  Each exit door must be free of decorations or sign that obscure the visibility of the door.
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  REFERENCES  IS 1642: 1989 FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS ( GENERAL) : DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION CODE OF PRACTICE  IS : 1644 - 1888 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR. FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS ( GENERAL ): EXIT REQUIREMENTS AND PERSONAL HAZARD  IS 15683 : 2006 Portable Fire Extinguishers – Performance and Construction – Specification  IS 2189 : 2008 Selection, Installation and Maintenance of Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System – Code of Practice
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   http://www.nsc.org/Membership%20Site%20Documen t%20Library/491.pdf  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYoUWKhKQdI&t =236s