Fish Taxonomy & Charateristics
- 1. FISH
- 2. CLASSIFICATION • KINGDOM ANIMALIA • PHYLUM CHORDATA • SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA (BACK BONE PRESENT) • SUPRACLASS AGNATHA (JAWLESS FISH) • CLASS MYXINI (HAGFISH) • CLASS CPHALOSPIDOMORPHI (LAMPREY) • SUPRACLASS GNATHOSTOMATA (JAWED FISH) • CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES (CARTILAGINOUS FISH) • CLASS OSTEICHTHYES (BONY FISH)
- 3. PHYLUM CHORDATA FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHORDATES • 1. HOLLOW NERVE CORD- IN VERTEBRATES IT DIFFERENTIATES INTO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD • 2. NOTOCHORD- FLEXIBLE ROD PRESENT AT ONE STAGE IN ALL CHORDATES; IN VERTEBRATES IT DIFFERENTIATES INTO VERTEBRAL COLUMN THAT FORMS AROUND THE NERVE CORD • 3. PHARYNGEAL SLITS - POUCHES THAT CONNECT PHARYNX WITH OUTSIDE (BETWEEN MOUTH AND ESOPHAGUS). GILLS IN SHARKS, FISH; PRESENT IN TERRESTRIAL ANIMAL EMBRYOS BUT DISAPPEAR LATER EXCEPT EUSTACHIAN TUBE (CONNECTING THROAT AND MIDDLE EAR) • 4. POSTANAL TAIL- EXTENDS BEYOND ANUS; PRESENT AT LEAST IN EMBRYO; REGRESSES INTO TAIL BONE IN HUMANS • 5. SEGMENTATION- REFLECTED IN ARRANGEMENT OF MUSCLES & IN VERTEBRAL COLUMN 3
- 4. SUPRACLASS AGNATHA (JAWLESS FISH) 4 Class Cephalspidomorphi (Lamprey) • Parasite • attaches to other fish & sucks their blood • lives in ocean Class Myxini (Hagfish) • Scavenger • lives in the ocean • known for its slimy secretions Both have cartilaginous skeletons and sucker-like mouths
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- 7. CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES (SHARKS & RAYS) • HAVE SKELETONS MADE OF CARTILAGE NOT BONES (HAVE BONE JAW). • MOST SALTWATER/ VERY FEW FRESHWATER • HAVE NO OPERCULUM (GILL COVER) • SOME MUST KEEP MOVING TO BREATHE & OTHERS CAN PUMP WATER OVER THEIR GILLS • SPIRACLE- A MODIFIED SLIT BEHIND THE EYE, ASSISTS THE SHARK WITH TAKING IN WATER DURING RESPIRATION AND PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN BOTTOM DWELLING SHARKS. • HAVE DIFFERENT KINDS OF SCALES THAT FEEL AND LOOK MORE LIKE SANDPAPER. • MULTIPLE ROWS OF REPLACEMENT TEETH THAT STEADILY MOVE FORWARD LIKE A CONVEYOR BELT. SHARKS CAN LOSE UP TO 30,000 OR TEETH IN THEIR LIFETIME. • MOST SHARKS ARE COLD BLOODED • CONTROL BUOYANCY WITH LARGE LIVERS THAT EXCRETE OIL 7
- 8. CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES (SHARKS & RAYS) REPRODUCTION • VIPAROUS- LIVE BIRTH • VIVIPAROUS- EGGS HATCH INTERNALLY • OVOVIVIPAROUS- LAY EGG CASES EXTERNALLY (CALLED MERMAID’S PURSE) • SEPARATE SEXES • MALES HAVE CLASPERS 8
- 9. CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES (SHARKS & RAYS) SENSORY • AMPULLAE OF LORENZINI- ELECTRORECEPTOR ORGANS USED TO DETECT THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ALL LIVING THINGS PRODUCE. THEY NUMBER IN THE HUNDREDS TO THOUSANDS. • LATERAL LINE SYSTEM- DETECTS MOTION OR VIBRATIONS IN WATER 9
- 10. GENERAL ANATOMY OF A SHARK 10
- 11. GENERAL ANATOMY OF A RAY 11
- 16. 16 Basking Shark is a filter feeder
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- 20. CLASS OSTEICHTHYES (BONY FISH) • BACKBONE MADE OF BONE • FRESHWATER & SALTWATER • GILLS WITH OPERCULUM (FEW HAVE LUNGS) • FINS - DORSAL, CAUDAL, PECTORAL, PELVIC, ANAL. • SWIM BLADDER- A GAS FILLED SAC THAT HELPS THE FISH MAINTAIN BUOYANCY. SHARKS DON’T HAVE A SWIM BLADDER • LATERAL LINE SYSTEM
- 21. TYPES OF OSTEICHTHYES RAY FINNED: – MOST FISH ARE THIS TYPE – FINS ARE SUPPORTED BY BONY STRUCTURES CALLED RAYS. LOBE FINNED: – FINS ARE LONG, FLESHY, MUSCULAR, SUPPORTED BY CENTRAL CORE OF BONES. – THOUGHT TO BE ANCESTORS OF AMPHIBIANS. – EXAMPLES ARE: COELACANTH, LUNGFISH
- 22. FINS
- 23. ADAPTATIONS SWIM R BLADDER OPERCULUM LATERAL LINE SYSTEM Swim Bladder
- 24. FISH ANATOMY
- 25. RESPIRATION • WATER FLOWS OVER GILLS AS FISH OPENS MOUTH AND SWIMS. • WATER FLOWS OPPOSITE DIRECTION OF BLOOD FLOW. • O2 DIFFUSES FROM THE WATER INTO THE BLOOD. • GILLS ARE MADE OF THOUSANDS OF GILL FILAMENTS. • GILLS ARE COVERED BY THE OPERCULUM.
- 27. CIRCULATION • FISH HEART HAS 2 CHAMBERS • SINGLE LOOP CIRCULATION • BLOOD FLOWS INTO GILLS, PICKS UP O2, GOES TO THE BODY, RETURNS TO THE HEART.
- 28. REPRODUCTION • MOST FISH REPRODUCE SEXUALLY, AND FERTILIZE THEIR EGGS EXTERNALLY • SPAWNING IS THE PROCESS OF FERTILIZING EGGS. • BABY FISH ARE CALLED FRY.
- 29. 29 Coelacanth: living fossil, lobe-finned
- 30. 30 Cichlids
- 32. 32 Kissing Fish
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- 37. 37The puffer fish uses air to expand its body to look intimidating to predators
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