Fish Nutrition and Feeding Habbits of Fish

Fish Nutrition and Feeding Habbits of Fish

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  PC 008-Fish Nutrition CourseFacilitator: Ronabelle D. Aquiño
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  Class Rules 1. Usingof Mobile Phone during class hour is prohibited except emergencies. 2. 15 mins late considered absent. 3. Avoid side conversations and disruptions. 4. Provide 1 lecture notebook.
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  Grading System
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  What is FishNutrition? -is the science of understanding what nutrients fish need for growth, reproduction, immunity, and overall health. It involves selecting and balancing the right types and amounts of feed ingredients to meet those nutritional requirements. Fish Growth Immunity Overall Health Reproduction
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  Good nutrition infish culture is essential to the economic production of a healthy, high-quality product with rich survival, growth, reproductive performance, spawning success, and body composition (Kaushik et al., 2011). In aquaculture, nutrition is critical because feed typically represents approximately 50 percent of the variable production cost.
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  Fish nutrition hasadvanced dramatically in recent years with the development of new, balanced commercial diets that promote optimal fish growth and health (Makode, 2017). The development of new species-specific feed formulations supports the aquaculture industry as it expands to satisfy an increasing demand for affordable, safe, high-quality fish and seafood products.
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  Nowadays, feed costsmake up a significant fraction of total fish production costs. Optimizing growth rates and feed efficiency in fish depends on the way in which feed is made, availability of feed, the amount of food delivered, feeding frequency, timing of each feeding periods and the characteristics of the diets (Ali, and Hoq, 2010). In most traditional aquaculture practices, herbivorous or omnivorous species have been preferred as they feed on natural food in water.
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  The key principlesof nutrition in aquaculture involve providing a balanced diet tailored to the specific needs of the farmed species, considering factors like protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, as well as digestibility and environmental impact. Nutrient requirements vary significantly between species and even within species depending on life stage, growth rate, and environmental conditions.
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  Key Nutrient Requirements: •Protein: •Fishand shrimp require protein for growth and tissue repair. The protein requirement is influenced by the species' natural feeding habits (carnivorous, omnivorous, or herbivorous) and can range from 25% to over 50% of the diet. • Essential Amino Acids (EAAs): •Specific amino acids like lysine, methionine, and threonine are crucial for protein synthesis and must be included in the diet.
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  •Lipids: •Lipids provide energyand are a source of essential fatty acids. The specific fatty acid requirements vary, with some species needing n-3 and/or n-6 fatty acids. •Carbohydrates: •Carbohydrates can be a source of energy, but carnivorous fish utilize them less efficiently than omnivorous species. •Vitamins and Minerals: •These are essential for various metabolic processes and must be included in adequate amounts to prevent deficiencies.
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  General Principles: •Balance: •Aquafeeds mustbe formulated to meet the specific needs of the target species, considering factors like digestibility and the ratio of different nutrients. •Quality: •High-quality ingredients with digestible nutrients are essential for optimal growth and health. •Species-Specific Needs: •Nutrient requirements vary widely among different fish and shrimp species, so it's crucial to tailor feed formulations accordingly.
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  •Growth Rate andEnvironmental Conditions: •Nutrient requirements can be influenced by the growth rate of the fish, water temperature, salinity, and other environmental factors. •Sustainability: •Feeds should be formulated with consideration for environmental impact, minimizing waste and pollution.
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  Impact of FeedingHabits: •Carnivores: •Carnivorous fish generally require higher levels of protein and lipids and may not utilize carbohydrates as efficiently. •Omnivores and Herbivores: •Omnivorous and herbivorous species tend to have lower protein requirements and may utilize carbohydrates more effectively.
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  Practical Considerations: •Feed Formulation: •Choosingappropriate feed ingredients and optimizing the ratios of nutrients are crucial for cost-effective and efficient aquaculture production. •Feeding Strategies: •Feeding practices should be adjusted based on the species' needs, growth stage, and environmental conditions. •Monitoring: •Regular monitoring of fish health, growth, and water quality is essential to ensure optimal feeding and production.
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  To develop nutritious,cost-effective diets we must know a specie’s nutritional requirements and meet those requirements with balanced diet formulations and appropriate feeding practices. Research over the last two decades has expanded our knowledge of the nutritional requirements of cultured fishes. This publication provides an overview of the general principles of fish nutrition as they relate to aquaculture.
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  Nutrient Requirements ofCatfish
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  Detailed Breakdown: •Fry (Hatchery):45-50% protein. •Fingerlings: 35% protein. •Grow-out (Adults): 28-32% protein.