Flammables - how to safely handle flammable products.ppt
- 1. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 1 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Flammable and Combustible Liquids
- 2. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 2 Introduction Introduction The two primary hazards associated with flammable and combustible liquids are explosion and fire Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids requires the use of approved equipment and practices per OSHA standards
- 3. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 3 Flash Point Flash Point Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture In general, the lower the flash point, the greater the hazard Flammable liquids have flash points below 100o F, and are more dangerous than combustible liquids, since they may be ignited at room temperature Combustible liquids have flash points at or above 100o F Although combustible liquids have higher flash points than flammable liquids, they can pose serious fire and/or explosion hazards when heated
- 4. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 4 Classes of Flammable Classes of Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Combustible Liquids IIIA II IC IA IB 200 140 100 73 Flash Point ( o F) 100 Boiling Point (o F) Combustible (FP > 100o F) Flammable (FP < 100o F)
- 5. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 5 Classes of Some Flammable Liquids Classes of Some Flammable Liquids CLASS IA CLASS IB CLASS IC Common Name Flash Point (o F) Ethyl Ether -49 Gasoline -45 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 21 Toluene 40 Xylene 81-115 Turpentine 95
- 6. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 6 Program Components Program Components Control of ignition sources Proper storage Fire control Safe handling A good plan for safe use of flammable and combustible liquids contains at least these components:
- 7. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 7 Sources of Ignition Sources of Ignition Open flames Smoking Static electricity Cutting and welding Hot surfaces Electrical and mechanical sparks Lightning Must take adequate precautions to prevent ignition of flammable vapors. Some sources of ignition include:
- 8. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 8 Static Electricity Static Electricity Generated when a fluid flows through a pipe or from an opening into a tank Main hazards are fire and explosion from sparks containing enough energy to ignite flammable vapors Bonding or grounding of flammable liquid containers is necessary to prevent static electricity from causing a spark
- 9. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 9 Bonding Bonding Physically connect two conductive objects together with a bond wire to eliminate a difference in static charge potential between them Must provide a bond wire between containers during flammable liquid filling operations, unless a metallic path between them is otherwise present
- 10. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 10 Grounding Grounding Eliminates a difference in static charge potential between conductive objects and ground Although bonding will eliminate a difference in potential between objects, it will not eliminate a difference in potential between these objects and earth unless one of the objects is connected to earth with a ground wire
- 11. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 11 Ventilation Ventilation Always provide adequate ventilation to reduce the potential for ignition of flammable vapors.
- 12. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 12 Storage Fundamentals Storage Fundamentals Identify incompatible chemicals – check the Material Safety Data Sheet Isolate and separate incompatible materials Isolate by storing in another area or room Degree of isolation depends on quantities, chemical properties and packaging Separate by storing in same area or room, but apart from each other
- 13. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 13 Storage of Flammable Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Combustible Liquids Storage must not limit the use of exits, stairways, or areas normally used for the safe egress of people In office occupancies: Storage prohibited except that which is required for maintenance and operation of equipment Storage must be in: closed metal containers inside a storage cabinet, or safety cans, or an inside storage room Inside storage room
- 14. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 14 Safety Cans for Storage and Transfer Safety Cans for Storage and Transfer Approved container of not more than 5 gallons capacity Spring-closing lid and spout cover Safely relieves internal pressure when exposed to fire
- 15. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 15 Flame Arrester Screen Flame Arrester Screen Prevents fire flashback into can contents Double wire-mesh construction Large surface area provides rapid dissipation of heat from fire so that vapor temperature inside can remains below ignition point
- 16. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 16 Storage Cabinets Storage Cabinets Not more than 60 gal of Class I and/or Class II liquids, or not more than 120 gal of Class III liquids permitted in a cabinet Must be conspicuously labeled, “Flammable - Keep Fire Away” Doors on metal cabinets must have a three-point lock (top, side, and bottom), and the door sill must be raised at least 2 inches above the bottom of the cabinet
- 17. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 17 Fire Control Fire Control Suitable fire control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers must be available where flammable or combustible liquids are stored Open flames and smoking must not be permitted in these storage areas Materials which react with water must not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids
- 18. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 18 Transferring Flammable Liquids Transferring Flammable Liquids 1. Through a closed piping system 2. From safety cans 3. By gravity through an approved self-closing safety faucet 4. By means of a safety pump Since there is a sizeable risk whenever flammable liquids are handled, OSHA allows only four methods for transferring these materials:
- 19. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 19 Self-Closing Safety Faucet Self-Closing Safety Faucet Bonding wire between drum and container Grounding wire between drum and ground Safety vent in drum
- 20. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 20 Safety Pump Safety Pump Faster and safer than using a faucet Spills less likely No separate safety vents in drum required Installed directly in drum bung opening Some pump hoses have integral bonding wires
- 21. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 21 Waste and Residue Waste and Residue Waste drum with disposal funnel Safety disposal can Oily-waste can (self-closing lid) Combustible waste and residue must be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles and disposed of daily.
- 22. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 22 Safe Handling Fundamentals Safe Handling Fundamentals Carefully read the manufacturer’s label on the flammable liquid container before storing or using it Practice good housekeeping in flammable liquid storage areas Clean up spills immediately, then place the cleanup rags in a covered metal container Only use approved metal safety containers or original manufacturer’s container to store flammable liquids Keep the containers closed when not in use and store away from exits or passageways Use flammable liquids only where there is plenty of ventilation Keep flammable liquids away from ignition sources such as open flames, sparks, smoking, cutting, welding, etc.
- 23. OSHA Office of Training and Educ ation 23 Summary Summary The two primary hazards associated with flammable and combustible liquids are explosion and fire Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids requires the use of approved equipment and practices per OSHA standards An excellent reference on this topic is National Fire Protection Association Standard No. 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
Editor's Notes
- #1: This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA 10-hour General Industry outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience. This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Labor.
- #2: 29 CFR 1910.106
- #3: 1910.106(a)(14) Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid. Flammable liquids themselves will not burn, but as the liquid evaporates, it gives off vapors that mix with the air to form dangerous gases that can be set off by a small spark. Gasoline, for example, evaporates at temperatures as low as 45 degrees Fahrenheit below zero. As the temperature rises, the rate of evaporation increases and more and more vapors are given off. Flammable vapors are usually heavier than air so they collect in the lowest areas they can reach. Without good ventilation to dissipate them, a small spark can set off a big disaster.
- #4: 1910.106(a)(18) and (19) Flammable and combustible liquids are classified primarily according to their flash point to indicate the danger they pose as a fire hazard. Flash point is directly related to a liquid’s ability to generate vapor. Since it is the vapor of a liquid, not the liquid itself, that burns, vapor generation becomes a primary factor in determining the fire hazard. Flammable liquids have flash points below 100oF and are classified as Class I liquids. Flammable liquids are sub-divided into three subclasses: IA, IB, and IC. Class IA liquids have flash points below 73oF and boiling points below 100oF. Class 1B liquids have flash points below 73oF and boiling points at or above 100oF. Class IC liquids have flash points at or above 73oF and below 100oF. Combustible liquids have flash points at or above 100oF and are classified as Class II and Class III liquids. Class II liquids have flash points at or above 100oF and below 140oF. Class III liquids are sub-divided into two subclasses: IIIA and IIIB. Class IIIA liquids have flash points at or above 140oF and below 200oF. Class IIIB liquids have flash points at or above 200oF, and are not regulated by 1910.106.
- #5: Other common flammable and combustible liquids and their flash points are shown below: Flash Point (oF) CLASS IA Pentane < -40 CLASS IB Acetone 0 VM&P Naptha 20-45 (Typical) Ethyl Alcohol 55 CLASS IC Mineral Spirits 85-110 CLASS II Fuel Oils 100-130 Kerosene 110-150 CLASS III Ethylene Glycol 232
- #7: 1910.106(e)(6)(i)
- #8: Static electricity can be generated by the contact and separation of dissimilar materials. For example: belts and pulleys, tires and the road, fluid flow through a pipe, agitation and mixing of fluids, and splash filling of flammable liquids. For more information, see NFPA 77, Static Electricity. One of the primary means of reducing the hazard of static electricity when transferring flammable liquids into/from containers is through the use of bonding and grounding, which is discussed in this program.
- #9: 1910.106(e)(6)(ii) Both objects bonded share the same charge and have no potential difference, BUT there still is a potential difference between the conductive objects and ground. Thus, there is danger of a spark from one of the conductive objects to grounded objects.
- #10: 1910.106(e)(6)(i) Both objects bonded and grounded permit charge to flow to ground.
- #11: 1910.106(a)(31) Ventilation for the prevention of fire and explosion is considered adequate if it is sufficient to prevent accumulation of significant quantities of vapor-air mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the lower flammable limit. For additional information on ventilation, see OSHA’s web site at: http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/ventilation/index.html
- #13: 1910.106(d)(5)(i) and (iii) In office occupancies, the inside storage room must not have a door that opens into that portion of the building used by the public.
- #14: 1910.106(a)(29)
- #16: 1910.106(d)(3)(i) and (ii) and (ii)(a) Three-point lock on metal cabinet doors prevents buckling, which would expose contents to fire. Raised door sill contains leaks.
- #17: 1910.106(d)(7)(i) and (iii) and (iv)
- #18: 1910.106(e)(2)(iv)(d) Transferring of flammable liquids by means of air pressure on the container or portable tanks is prohibited.
- #21: 1910.106(e)(9)(iii)
- #22: Spills or Leaks First, eliminate all sources of ignition, then Stop the leak, if possible Contain the material Isolate the area Avoid direct contact with the material Use appropriate fire control procedures