Food and digestion

Food and digestion

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  Food and Digestion ByArham Class 8C
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  What is Food? Foodusually comes from animals and plants. It is eaten by living things to provide energy and nutrition. Food contains the nutrition that people and animals need to be healthy. The consumption of food is normally enjoyable to humans. It contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, water and minerals.
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  Types of FoodGroups: 1. Fatty Food 2. Meat and nuts 3. Milk and sweets 4. Potato and grains 5. Vegetables and fruits
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  Why do allLiving things need food? Living things need food for three reasons: Growth:Growth, the increases in cell size and number that take place during the life history of an organism. Energy:Specifically, energy is defined as the ability to do work – which, for biology purposes, can be thought of as the ability to cause some kind of change. ... Energy is never lost, but it can be converted from one of these forms to another. Health:Health is a state of physical and mental wellbeing. It is a lack of both communicable and non-communicable disease, both of which are influenced by a number of factors. Biology (Single Science) Health, disease and the development of medicine.
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  What is balancediet? A balanced diet is one that fulfills all of a person's nutritional needs. Humans need a certain amount of calories and nutrients to stay healthy. A balanced diet provides all the nutrients a person requires, without going over the recommended daily calorie intake.
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  Foods rich inparticular nutrients: Carbohydrates: Vitamins: Minerals: Proteins: Fat: 1. Sugarcane Carrots Eggs Meat Fries 2. Chocolate Yeast Meat Grains Nuggets 3. Potatoes Oranges Salt Eggs Walnut 4. Sweets Liver Seafood Nuts Kabab 5. Grains Vegetable oil Dairy products Fish Oil
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  Chemical Tests 1. ProteinTest:Proteins are detected using Biuret reagent. This turns a mauve or purple colour when mixed with protein. 2. Carbohydrate Test:A chemical test for starch is to add iodine solution (yellow/brown) and look for a colour change. In the presence of starch, iodine turns a blue/black colour. It is possible to distinguish starch from glucose (and other carbohydrates) using this iodine solution test. 3. Starch Test:It can be checked by mixing biuret solution to it which will turn orange-red from blue colour will form. 4. Fats Test:It can be checked by adding ethanol to any kind of food a clear solution is formed and then we will add water to this solution so white emulsion is formed.
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  Daily Energy requirementsof different aged people:
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  Four types ofEnzymes Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products.
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  Four types ofenzymes and their functions: Lipase, any of a group of fat-splitting enzymes found in the blood, gastric juices, pancreatic secretions, intestinal juices, and adipose tissues. Lipases hydrolyze triglycerides (fats) into their component fatty acid and glycerol molecules. Proteases enzymes (proteases) ,are enzymes that break down protein. These enzymes are made by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. Some proteolytic enzymes that may be found in supplements include bromelain, chymotrypsin, ficin, papain, serrapeptase, and trypsin. Salivary amylase, is a glucose-polymer cleavage enzyme that is produced by the salivary glands. ... Amylases digest starch into smaller molecules, ultimately yielding maltose, which in turn is cleaved into two glucose molecules by maltase. Carbohydrase, is the name of a set of enzymes that catalyze 5 types of reactions, turning carbohydrates into simple sugars, from the large family of glycosidases. Carbohydrases are produced in the pancreas, salivary glands and small intestine, breaking down polysaccharides.
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  Process of absorptionof nutrients: Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments. Mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.It is important to break down macromolecules into smaller fragments that are of suitable size for absorption across cell membranes. Large, complex molecules of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids must be reduced to simpler particles before they can be absorbed by the digestive epithelial cells. Different organs play specific roles in the digestive process. The animal diet needs carbohydrates, protein, and fat, as well as vitamins and inorganic components for nutritional balance.Digestive enzymes are enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body. Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tracts of animals. Digestive enzymes are diverse and are found in the saliva secreted by the salivary glands, in the stomach secreted by cells lining the stomach, in the pancreatic juice secreted by pancreatic exocrine cells, and in the intestinal (small and large) secretions, or as part of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.Intestinal microflora benefit the host by gleaning the energy from the fermentation of undigested carbohydrates and the subsequent absorption of short-chain fatty acids. Intestinal bacteria also play a role in synthesizing vitamin B and vitamin K as well as metabolizing bile acids, sterols and xenobiotics.
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  Function of Humangut: Home to 100 trillion microorganisms, collectively known as the 'microbiota', the gut's primary function is the digestion, absorption of nutrients and the excretion of waste. However, it also has a major influence on both the development and function of the immune system, as well as on gut-brain communications.
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  Digestive system: Digestive system
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  End Thank You……….