Forage AND fodder crops

 Forage / Fodder Crops:-
Bajara and Guarbean

Contens
Introduction
1. BAJARA :- Classification
- Origin
-Morphology
- Uses
2. Guarbean :- Classification
- Origin
- Morphology
- Uses

1. BAJARA
 classification
- Kingdom : Plantae
-Division :- Angiosperms
- Class: Commelinids
- Order:Poales
- Family: Poaceae
- Genus : Pennisetum
-Species: glaucum
- Local Name : Bajara , Pearl millet

INTRODUCTION
Fodder crops are crops that are cultivated
primarily for animal feed. By extension , natural
grasslands and pastures are include whether
they are cultivated or not.
Fodder crops may be classified as either
temporary or permanent crops.
The former are cultivated and harvested like any
other crops.

ORIGIN
Pearl millet probably originated from western
tropical Africa more than 3000years ago and
from there spread across Africa and south Asia.
However there is though that it may have
originated in the Abyssinia region.
In Asia it's imp crop of India , Pakistan , China
,and South Eastern Asia.

Morphology
 The plants are tall and annual.
They growing to a height of a feet to 15 feet.
The inflorescence is a dence spike like head or
panicle 6 to 15 inches long and 1 inch or so in
diameter.
It's terminal, cylindrical and compact.
Each spikelet consists of lower staminate and
upper bisexual flower.
The ovary is unilocular,containing single seed.

Cultivation
Climate requirements : Bajara grows in dry and
warm climatic condition.
Ideal temperature for Bajara cultivation is
between 20'c - 30 ' c .
Soil requirement : Bajara can be grow in wide
range of soils. It grows successfully well in soils
with low pH or high salinity.

Fertilizers : Bajara requires less nutrients 90-
100 kg of nitrogen , 50 -60 kg of phosphorus
50 - 60 kg of potassium is recommended for
hybrid variety.
Harvesting : The crop is ready for harvesting
when the grain become hardy and contain
moisture .

Uses
Bajra is an good source of essential amino acid
that make up protein molecules.
It contains many essential minerals like
magnesium, phosphorus ,zinc etc..
It contains essential amino acids and vitamins also
which contribute to its therapeutic properties.
Milletes are good source of starch making it a high
energy.

Reduce cancer risk : all millets are known to
reduce the risk of cancer occurrence and pearl
millet is no exception.
Beneficial for heart health :- The lignin and
phytonutrient in Miller act as strong antioxidant
thus preventing heart related disease.
High amount of magnesium control blood
pressure and relieve heart stress.

• Helps in bone growth development and repair :
It has a large amount of phosphorus. It is very
essentials for bone growth and development
of ATP which is the energy currency of our
body
• Helps in weight loss :-Pearl millet can aid the
process of weight.

2. GUARBEAN
• Classifications
• Kingdom :-Plantae
• Division :-Angiosperms
• Class :- Rosids
• Order :- Fabales
• Family :- Fabaceae
• Genus :- Cymopsis
• Species :- tetragonoloba( L)

Origin
The origin of C. Tetragonoloba is unknown. Since
it has been found in the wild.
It was domesticated in India and Pakistan where
it has been cultivated for many centuries.
Guar grow well in semiarid areas but frequent
rainfall is necessary.
Some botanist thinks Asia , particularly India to
be the place of it's origin.

Morphology
The guarbean is an annual legume.
It has a vigorous root system.
It has a main single stem with either basal
branching or fine branching along the stem.
It's fine leaves have an elongated oval shape
and of alternate position.

The flowers are white or pink and turn deep
purple and followed by fleshy seed pods.
They are straight , hairy ,pale green and up to
10 cm long .
Usually mature seeds are white or gray but in
case of excess moisture they can lose
germination capacity.

Cultivation
Climate requirement : Guar is drought
tolerant and sun loving but it is susceptible.
Guar grown in warm climatic conditions.
Soil requirement:-Cluster bean can be grown
on all type of soil but Sandy loam soil is best
suited it.

Trrigation :-There Is no need for trrigation for
rainy season crop.
Sowing of seeds :- Main crop is sown in
monsoon , at the end of June or in beginning of
July.
Seed rate :- 5 - 8 kg/ hector.
Harvesting :- The green pods are harvested
from the plant by cutting.

Uses
In Asia guarbean are used as vegetable for
human consumption and crop grown for cattle
feed.
Lower grade of guar gum which is used in
clothes & paper manufacture.
Guar leaves can be used like spinch and the
pods are prepared like salad or vegetable.

Great for diabetics: It's contain glyconutrients
that help in controlling blood sugar levels.
Make bone strong :- It's benefits existence of
phosphorus and calcium it fortles bones as
well as enhance bone health.
Better blood circulation :-The presence of iron
enhance hemoglobin content and enhance
oxygen consumption capacity of the blood.

• Full of nutrients : It's usually are wealthy
method of obtaining proteins soluble fibre too
along these it includes numerous important
vitamins namely vitamins k , vitamins C ,
Vitamins A , foliates and abundant along with
absolutely no cholesterol and fats.
• Resolve anemia :- lron should be in a soluble
and absorbable from to reduce the chances if
anemia.

Reference
Economic Botany by B. P. Pandey
Economic Botany by Pooja
www.Wikipedia .org
www.Google .com

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