Foreign policy of pakistan

Foreign policy of pakistan

• 2.
   Every nationadopts an attitude and mode of action towards other states which suits its peculiar circumstances and national interests.This attitude is called the Foreign Policy of a nation.
• 3.
   Lord Palmerstonesaid, “in international relations there is neither a permanent friend nor a permanent enemy.” Only interests of nation are always important.
• 4.
   Pakistan ideology Geographical location  Hostile attitude of India  Defence requirement  Attachment with Islamic world  Economic needs  New world order
• 5.
  -Safeguard of nationalintegrity -Defence of ideological frontiers -Economic development -National honour -Respect for international law -Implementation of accords -Friendly relation with Muslim Countries
• 6.
  a. 1947-53: Explorationsand friendship with all states b. 1953-62: Alignment with the West c. 1962-71: Transition d. 1972-79: Bilateralism and nonalignment
• 7.
  e. 1980-90: Afghanistanand Partnership with the U.S. f. 1990-2001: Post-Cold War Era and Pakistan's Dilemmas g. 2001 onwards: Pakistan and Counter Terrorism
• 8.
   “Our foreignpolicy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards the nations of the world. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. We believe in the principle of honesty and fair-play in national and international dealings and are prepared to make our utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world.
• 9.
  Pakistan will neverbe found lacking in extending its material and moral support to the oppressed and suppressed peoples of the world, and in upholding the principles of the United Nations Charter.”
• 10.
   The secondphase of Pakistan's foreign policy was characterized by a transition from an independent foreign policy to a multifaceted alignment with the West. Pakistan entered into a number of security arrangements with the United States and obtained economic and military assistance from that source which entangled Pakistan in the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
• 11.
   a seriousshortage of wheat in 1952-53  Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement  In September 1954, Pakistan joined the (SEATO) or the Manila Pact. Its members (Australia, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand and the U.S.) undertook to develop capacity “to resist attack and counter subversive activities” and promote cooperation for “economic progress and social well being.”
• 12.
   The BaghdadPact/CENTO One year later (September 1955) Pakistan joined the Baghdad Pact (renamed CENTO in 1959 after Iraq's withdrawal). Pakistan attached greater importance to this pact because it involved three Muslim states, i.e. Iraq (up to 1959), Turkey and Iran.
• 13.
   Pakistan reciprocatedby providing a communication/air base to the United States at Badaber, near Peshawar, for ten years: 1959- 69. Pakistan received grant assistance valued at US $ 650 million, and credit facilities worth US $ 55 million. The military assistance included arms and ammunition, artillery pieces, APCs, and transport for the Army; aircraft F-104, B-57, F- 86, and C-130 for the Air Force; naval defense equipment, including warships; radar and communication equipment.
• 14.
   Russian reactionon membership in SEATO and CENTO.  1965 war and US help-a fallacy
• 15.
   Shift inforeign policy towards due to Indo-US defence cooperation  Threat of USSR invasion after US spy plane downed by Russia.  India-China bitter relations  India as counter balance of China
• 16.
   Several agreementswere signed between USSR and Pakistan  . Ayub Khan was the first head of Pakistani state to visit the Soviet Union. His visit produced several agreements covering trade, machinery for oil exploration, and cultural exchanges.
• 17.
   Nuetral standof USSR on Kashmir  1965 war and Tashkand Declaration  Soviet Premier, Alexi Kosygin, visited Pakistan in April 1968 and May 1969. They affirmed their desire to extend cooperation between the two countries in economic, cultural, and other fields.
• 18.
   Russia’s reactionon friendship with China.  Relied heavily on India  1971 war and Russian support to India  Bhutto’s visit to Russia in 1972 and 1974  Assistance in Steel Mill  Russian invasion of Afghanistan
• 19.
   Close workingrelationship  UN peacekeeping missions and in UAE, Somalia, Kosovo ,Bosnia.  Economic assistance  Front line ally in War on Terrorism.  Almost 500 AlQaeda and Taliban arrested or killed in Pakistan