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Forest and wild life resources by mursleen saifi
This document discusses biodiversity and its conservation in India. It defines biodiversity as the variation of life forms within a species, ecosystem, or biome. India is one of the richest countries in biodiversity, with over 81,000 species of fauna and about 15,000 flowering plants that are endemic. The government and organizations like IUCN take various measures to conserve wildlife, such as Project Tiger to protect tiger populations and sacred groves preserved by local tribes.
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Forest and wild life resources by mursleen saifi
- 2. ⢠Biodiversity isthe degree of variation of life forms within a given species, ecosystem or biome. ⢠"Biodiversity" is most commonly used to replace the more clearly defined and long established terms, species diversity and species richness. ⢠Biologists most often define biodiversity as the "totality of genes, species, and ecosystems of a region". An advantage of this definition is that it seems to describe most circumstances and presents a unified view of the traditional three levels at which biological variety has been identified: species diversity ecosystem diversity genetic diversity
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- 6. There are threedifferent types of forest â˘Reserve forest â˘Protected forest â˘Unclassed forest
- 7. If you lookaround you will be able to find unique type of plants and animals in your area. ď India is one of the richest bio diversity country in the world. ď Flora and fauna : Over 81,000 species of fauna about 15,000 flowering plants are endemic.
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- 16. ď International unionof conservation of nature is an international organisation dedicated to finding pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment challenges. ď IUCN supports scientific research ,manages field projects globally and brings governments and non â government organizations , united nations together to develop and implement policy
- 18. Whose population levelsare considered to normal for survival. e.g.: cattle, pine. These are the which are in the danger of extinction survival of such organism make it difficult e.g.: Indian rhino ,black buck. These are the species that are found only in some particular areas isolated from geographical conditions e.g.: Nicobar pigeon, wild pig.
- 23. ďĄBetween 1951 to1980,accordind to forest survey of India , over 26,200sq.km , of forest area was converted into agricultural land all over India . ďĄSubstantial parts of tribal parts , especially in the north and northern eastern parts of the country is due to shifting cultivation . ďĄLarge scale development projects have also contributed to the loss of forests.
- 24. Distribution of forest andwild life resources Reserved Forests Protected forests Unclassed Forests
- 25. RESERVEDFORESTS PROTECTED FORESTSUNCLASSEDFORESTS ⢠More than half of the total forests have been declared as reserved forests. They are regarded as the most valuable as far the conservation of forest resources are concerned ⢠Almost one third of the total forest area is protected forest, as declared by the forest department. This forests land is protected from any further depletion. ⢠These are other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities. ⢠Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Maharashtra have large percentages of reserved forests. ⢠Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan have a bulk of it under protected forests. ⢠All the North-Eastern states and parts of Gujarat have very high percentage of their forests as unclassed forests managed by local communities.
- 26. Governmentâs role inconservation of wildlife ďś Wildlife protectionact 1972 ďś ProjectTiger 1972-73 ďś Forest Protection Act 1980-88 ďś Anti Poaching Agencies ďź State wildlife dept. ďź State forest dept. ďź Ministry of Environment and Forest ďź Army ( if applicable) ďź Police ďź Border security Force and Coast guards ďś Wildlife Conservation Society.
- 27. PROJECT TIGER ⢠âProjectTigerâ, one of the well-publicised wildlife campaigns in the world, was launched in 1973. ⢠Initially, it showed success as the tiger population went up to 4,002 in 1985 and 4,334 in 1989. But in 1993, the population of the tiger had dropped to 3,600. ⢠There were 39 tiger reserves in India covering an area of 32137.14 sq km* Tiger conservation has been viewed not only as an effort to save an endangered species, but with equal importance as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude. ⢠Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam and Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala are some of the tiger reserves of India.
- 30. SACRED GROVES ⢠Natureworship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such belies have preserved several virgin forests in pristine from called sacred groves. ⢠The Mundas and the Santhals of Chhota Nagpur region worship Mahua (Bassi latifolia) and Kadamba(Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees and the Tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship the Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and Mango (Mangifra indica) trees during weddings.
- 31. MOVEMENTS 1. Chipko Movementâ Early 1970 in GHARWAL HIMALAYAS Uttarakhand 2. Beej Bachao Andolan â 1980 Tehri in Uttarakhand 3. Navdanya- 1984 Started by an NGO to protect India's Biodiversity organic farming and SEED SAVING In India Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme furnishes a good example for involving Local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. The programme is been in formal since 1988 in ODISHA when the state passed the first resolution for JFM
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