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Foundation ppt
The document discusses different types of foundations for structures. It describes shallow foundations, which are less than the width of the structure, including isolated footings for columns and combined footings for structures with small spaces between columns. Deep foundations include pile foundations, which transfer structural loads deeper into the soil using piles, and pier foundations, which use large masonry cylinders supported by soil or bedrock. Piles can be friction piles that use friction along their sides to support loads or load bearing piles that rest on a hard soil stratum. Common materials used for foundations include concrete, metal, aggregate, waterproofing materials, and wood.
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Foundation ppt
- 1. • PRESENTED BY-NIKHIL MEHRAWATPRESENTED BY- NIKHIL MEHRAWAT • CIVIL 4CIVIL 4thth YEARYEAR • ROLL. NO. -1215300117ROLL. NO. -1215300117
- 3. • Introduction :Introduction: • A structure essentially consists of two parts, namely the super structure which is above the plinth level and the substructure which is below the plinth level. • Substructure is otherwise known as the foundation and this forms the base for any structure. Generally about 30% of the total construction cost is spent on the foundation. • The soil on which the foundation rests is called the “foundation soil”.
- 4. Objectives of afoundation :Objectives of a foundation : A foundation is provided for the following purposes: •To distribute the total load coming on the structure on a larger area. •To support the structures. •To give enough stability to the structures against various disturbing forces, such as wind and rain. •To prepare a level surface for concreting and masonry work.
- 5. Factors affecting designof foundationFactors affecting design of foundation • Soil types and ground water table conditions. • Structural requirements and foundations. • Site condition and environmental factor. • Economy etc.
- 6. • Types offoundation : The two main types of foundation: • Shallow foundation • Deep foundation Types of Shallow foundation : • Isolated footing (single footing, Column footing) • Combined footing Types of Deep foundation : • Pile foundation • Pier foundation
- 8. • Shallow foundation(spread foundation): • Depth of foundation is less than or equal to its width. • Isolated footing (single footing, column footing): • In framed structures where several columns are to be constructed, isolated footings can be adopted. • The columns involved can be provided with masonry or concrete footing. • If masonry footing is provided, steps are given and the foundation area is thus increased so that the stresses developed at the base is within the limit.
- 9. • Isolated footing(single footing, column footing)…
- 10. • Isolated footing(single footing, column footing)…
- 11. • Combined footing: •This type of footing is adopted when the space between two columns is so small that the foundation for individual columns will overlap. • Combined footings are proportioned in such a way that the center of gravity of the loads coincides with the centre of gravity of the foundation. Hence these footings have either a trapezoidal or a rectangular shape.
- 12. • Pile : •A slender, structural member consisting steel or concrete or timber. • It is installed in the ground to transfer the structural loads to soils at some significant depth below the base of the structure.
- 13. • Deep foundation: • Deep foundation consists of pile and pier foundations. • This consists in carrying down through the soil a huge masonry cylinder which may be supported by the sides of soil or may be supported on solid rock (hard stratum). • Pile foundation : • Pile is an element of construction used as foundation. It may be driven in the ground vertically or with some inclination to transfer the load safely.
- 14. • Pile foundation…Pilefoundation… • Loads are supported in two ways. • If the load is supported by the effect of friction between the soil and the pile skin, it is called friction pile. • Friction piles may be made of cast iron, cement concrete, timber, steel, wrought iron and composite materials. • If the load is supported by resting the pile on a very hard stratum, it is called load bearing pile. • Load bearing piles are steel sheet piles, concrete piles and timber piles. • Piles may be cast-in-situ or precast. • They may be cased or uncased.
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- 17. MATERIAL USED FOR FOUNDATION… •Foundation must be constructed of a durable material of an adequate strength. • Concrete • Metal • Aggregate • Waterproofing Materials • Wood