Fp203 chp1.1
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The document discusses the major operations performed by a computer system: input, storage, processing, output, and control. It describes how each operation works, such as entering data through input devices, storing data and instructions in storage, the central processing unit performing arithmetic and logical operations, output producing results, and the control unit coordinating all operations. It then explains the three basic functional units that control a computer's operations: the arithmetic logic unit performs calculations, the control unit determines instruction sequence and coordinates activities, and the central processing unit acts as the brain that directs functions.
Fp203 chp1.1
- 1. 1.1 Basic Concepts of Computer Architecture FP 203
- 2. 5 Major operation performed by a computer system
- 3. 1. Input The process of entering data and programs into the computer system. You should know that computer is an electronic machine like any other machine It takes as inputs raw data and performs some processing giving out processed data. Therefore, the input unit takes data from us to the computer in an organized manner for processing.
- 4. 2. Storage The process of saving data and instructions permanently is known as storage. Data has to be fed into the system before the actual processing starts. It is because the processing speed of Central Processing Unit (CPU) is so fast that the data has to be provided to CPU with the same speed.
- 5. 2. Storage (cont..) Therefore the data is first stored in the storage unit for faster access and processing. This storage unit or the primary storage of the computer system is designed to do the above functionality. It provides space for storing data and instructions.
- 6. 3. Process The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called processing. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions from the storage unit The it makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given and the type of data provided. It is then sent back to the storage unit.
- 7. 4. Output This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. Similarly the output produced by the computer after processing must also be kept somewhere inside the computer before being given to you in human readable form. Again the output is also stored inside the computer for further processing.
- 8. 5. Control The manner how instructions are executed and the above operations are performed. Controlling of all operations like input, processing and output are performed by control unit. It takes care of step by step processing of all operations in side the computer.
- 9. 3 basic computer functional unit control the operation of a computer In order to carry out the operations mentioned in the previous section the computer allocates the task between its various functional units. The computer system is divided into three separate units for its operation: ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) CU (Control Unit) CPU (Central Processing Unit)
- 10. 1. Arithmetic Logic Unit: After you enter data through the input device it is stored in the primary storage unit. The actual processing of the data and instruction are performed by Arithmetic Logical Unit. The major operations performed by the ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison. Data is transferred to ALU from storage unit when required. After processing the output is returned back to storage unit for further processing or getting stored.
- 11. 2. Control Unit Control Unit acts like the supervisor seeing that things are done in proper fashion. The control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs and instructions are executed. Things like processing of programs stored in the main memory, interpretation of the instructions and issuing of signals for other units of the computer to execute them.
- 12. 2. Control Unit (cont..) It also acts as a switch board operator when several users access the computer simultaneously. Thereby it coordinates the activities of computer’s peripheral equipment as they perform the input and output. Therefore it is the manager of all operations mentioned in the previous section.
- 13. 3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) The ALU and the CU of a computer system are jointly known as the central processing unit. You may call CPU as the brain of any computer system. It is just like brain that takes all major decisions, makes all sorts of calculations and directs different parts of the computer functions by activating and controlling the operations.
- 15. Von Neumann Model as applied to today’s personal computer Stored Program concept Main memory storing programs and data ALU operating on binary data Control unit interpreting instructions from memory and executing Input and output equipment operated by control unit Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Completed 1952
- 16. Structure of Von Neumann machine
- 17. Password: Longer is STRONGER !!!