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From farm to landscape and beyond increasing the capacity for innovative integrated research system by Herve Bisseleua, Humidtropics, IITA/ICRAF
This document discusses the challenges facing agricultural systems due to climate change, shifting consumption patterns, increasing food and energy prices, and land degradation. It notes the transition from cereals to meat and high-value crops requiring more resources. Smallholder farmers play a central role in driving development but face increasing pressures. There is a need to redefine research agendas to address issues like competition over land and environmental services, economic disparities, and poverty. Approaches should focus on smallholders' innovations, systems thinking, collective action, and multi-level economic and social organizations. Capacity building for innovation is needed at the individual, organizational, partnership, and institutional levels.
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From farm to landscape and beyond increasing the capacity for innovative integrated research system by Herve Bisseleua, Humidtropics, IITA/ICRAF
- 1. From farm tolandscape and beyond: Increasing the capacity for innovative integrated research system Hervé Bisseleua , Humidtropics CRP
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- 3. Meat Poultry Milk Hort Grain Meat Poultry Milk Hort Grain Shift from cerealsto meat and high value crops To produce enough to respond to this drastic change in consumption pattern requires more resources per capita than before in terms of space as well as inputs The Changing World … New patterns of demand 1990 2013
- 4. The Changing World …Increasing (higher) energy consumption and prices
- 5. Global Panic….. ● Howdo we reign on the food crisis … the growing food insecurity … the increasing food prices ● How do we respond to the emerging new consumption patterns ● How do we reign on the energy crisis ● How do we…. ● How do we…. 5
- 6. Core Challenges: Differentsites, different issues
- 7. Diverse Types ofLand-Use Systems under High Pressure
- 8. Diversity of productionsystems and Livelihoods strategies With Innovative smallholder farmers as a central role in driving agricultural-led growth and development 8
- 9. Consequences and Impacts: Increasedcompetition over land resources, environmental services, and degradation e.g. Land grab for agro-business: horticultural production leading to also increased demand for water and resultant conflicts (e.g Kenya, Ethiopia, Senegal, Mali, Niger etc.)
- 10. Consequences and Impacts: Increasedcompetition over land resources, environmental services, and degradation e.g. Land grab for food production not for local food security but export home Negotiations between Kenya and Qatar for a lease of 40,000 hectares of coastal land to Qatar for export. This would displace at least 150,000 families in farming and pastoralist communities that depend on the land. SEKAB (a Swedish company) is planting sugarcane on 500,000 hectares of land in Tanzania. They propose a transition from a single- owner plantation to Small franchised plots of land
- 11. Consequences and Impacts: Increasedcompetition over land resources, environmental services, and degradation e.g. competition of user:- agriculture for food vs. bioenergy and forestry for carbon sequestration .
- 12. Consequences and Impacts: Increasedeconomic disparities, social segregation (socially & spatially), Poverty and food crisis Those able to integrate into the new order will gain, and continue to become more rich; while those disadvantaged continue to become more segregated and impoverished
- 13. Change of Paradigmand Approaches Focus on smallholders farmers as the most decisive actor category in the search for rural solutions They are also under pressure to change; and change that can be through innovations within their own practices
- 14. New Challenges (Implications)for Sustainability Research Towards a redefined research agenda in addressing increasing competition over land resources, environmental services, and degradation Re-evaluation of rural contexts Re-evaluation of the emerging new role and importance of smallscale farmers/ Small holder HH Re-evaluation of multifunctionality of Smal Scale Farms/family farms Assessment of overlapping environmental services and related stakes (Transport, Ecosystem, SS irrigation, LS irrigation, hydropower, ecotourism etc.) Approaches for negotiating environmental services among different stakes
- 15. New Challenges (Implications)for Sustainability Research Towards a redefined research agenda in addressing increasing economic disparities, social segregation and resulting high poverty levels 3. Understanding the conditions and analysing the processes that lead to disparities and social segregation 4. The role of interventions (services and markets) to counter these developments, especially poverty trends that are expected to worsen
- 16. New Challenges (Implications)for Sustainability Research 5. What are the new pathways for market integration (market niches, diversification of e.g livelihoods, as well as farm enterprises and, micro-credits, etc) Towards a redefined research agenda to promote rural development through endogenous solutions
- 17. Complex situation andquick fixes Dynamic complexity Improving goal seeking & Viability Explore purpose Ensure Fairness Promote diversity Food Production system (Yield) Ecological system (Species in community) Social system (Family & Neighbours) AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS Economic system (money) Beliefs ValueGender & power relationship Legislation, Rules & Norms Cultures
- 18. A Meta-methodology Approach CriticalSystem Practices Hard System approaches Soft System approaches Technical (efficacy, efficiency) Interpretive (Effectiveness) Meta- discipline Right Attitude+ + +
- 19. Shift from reductionistapproach to emphasis on understanding interactions and use of inherent Strengths Systematic Elements – Quick impacts/ Quick win Systemic elements SIDE EFFECT Systematic solution Systemic solution SYMPTOM-CORRECTING PROCESS PROBEM-CORRECTING PROCESS SYSTEM INTERVENTIONS System perspective into practice Through intensified knowledge of the systems and therapeutics as backups. The systemic description allows identifying how reliance on therapeutic solutions can reinforce further reliance ‘side effect’. Bottom circle has a delay. It represents a more fundamental response to family farms problem, one whose effects take longer to become evident. Leverage will always involve strengthening the bottom circle and/or weakening the top circle.
- 20. Innovation Competencies 1. Integrationaround a complex but common theme 2. Co-learning in collective action and mutual learning from working together 3. “balanced” development (economic, social, environmental) 4. Different spatial levels of economic and social organisation (farm/firm, community/value chain, sector, etc…) 1. Integrate technological, organisational, institutional actions to achieve change
- 21. Innovation Competencies -1 Techno-productive: Crops, livestock, breeding & selection, production, protection, food post harvest, biotechnology, etc NR Management: Fertility management, conservation, irrigation, etc Micro-Economic: cost/benefits, profitability, value chains, market linkages, business management, etc Macro-Economic: Policy analysis, regional comparative advantage, national competitiveness, etc Social: stakeholder analysis, information flows, social/ gender analysis, benefits analysis, organisational management, etc “ACADEMIC” DISCIPLINES One can specialise in a particular discipline, but everyone should know enough about the others to know when specialist expertise is useful!
- 22. Innovation Competencies -2 Techno-productive: Crops, livestock, breeding & selection, production, protection, etc NR Management: Fertility management, conservation, irrigation, etc Micro-Economic: cost/benefits, profitability, value chains, market linkages, etc Macro-Economic: Policy analysis, regional comparative advantage, national competitiveness &c Social: stakeholder analysis, information flows, gender analysis, benefits analysis, etc “ACADEMIC” DISCIPLINES Everyone who is a “System practitioner” needs these skills…
- 23. Innovation Competencies -3 Techno-productive: Crops, livestock, breeding & selection, production, protection, etc NR Management: Fertility management, conservation, irrigation, etc Micro-Economic: cost/benefits, profitability, value chains, market linkages, etc Macro-Economic: Policy analysis, regional comparative advantage, national competitiveness &c Social: stakeholder analysis, information flows, gender analysis, benefits analysis, etc “ACADEMIC” DISCIPLINES Everyone (who works with other people…) needs these skills…
- 24. Summing up: Capacityfor Innovation Individuals • Systems thinking • Social (“soft”) skills • Learning how to learn Organizations • Procedures and processes • Incentive structures • Culture (learning and adaptation) Partnerships • Organization for joint vision/brokering • Governance for facilitation, participation • Space for learning, adaption leads to… leads to... requires. .. requires. ..
- 25. Capacity for Innovation- Institutions Individual Competency • Systems thinking • Team skills/ communication • Self improvement Organizational Capability • Procedures- communication/collaboration • Management-incentives/linkages • Culture of learning and adaptation Partnership Capacity • Organization for joint vision/brokering • Governance for facilitation, participation • Space for learning, adaption Policies Norms Culture Incentives Structures Worldviews
- 26. Thank you ! Ifthe only tool available to you is a hammer everything will looks like nails