Fórum Brasil-Coreia - Luis Felipe Maldaner

Fórum Brasil-Coreia - Luis Felipe Maldaner

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  October, 18th, 20111º FÓRUM BRASIL COREIA DO SUL EM CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO: Oportunidades e Impactos do Desenvolvimento da Indústria de Semicondutores no Brasil 1st BRAZIL-SOUTH KOREA FORUM ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION: Opportunities and impacts for the development of semiconductor industry in Brazil
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  Why is Koreaa Global Leader in IT? Luís Felipe Maldaner Banco do Brasil South Korea Unisinos, October, 18 th , 2011 October, 18th, 2011
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  Agenda 1 -Historical reasons and geopolitics facts 2 - Strategy 3 - National System of Innovation 4 - Investments 5 - Korean way of thinking October, 18th, 2011
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  1 - HistoricalReasons and Geopolitics facts Wars against China and Japan shaped Korean “spirits”. Korean was not lying down in a golden cradle; Small size of territory (like SC state); Notion of Nation; Korea took advantage of technological changing paradigm in the 80s (“windows of opportunities” - Carlota Perez); People as a only resource. October, 18th, 2011
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  October, 18th, 2011Source: Do Valle Jr. J.A., 2003 2 – Strategy
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  Strategy criterias tochoose the Korean beneficiary companies. 1 – Potential Export; 2 – Perspective of Internal demand in line with the export driven; 3 – To contribute to the country development through investment in technology (5th Plan) 4 – Minimal raw material dependancy and to show potential value; 5 – Minimal commercial chock with companies in development countries; 6 – Spillover on other industrial sectors – virtuous circle (Kang, 1990, p. 97) October, 18th, 2011
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  October, 18th, 2011
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  3 – NationalSystem of Innovation Focus on applied research; Strong relationship among all agents; Focus on patent generation; Universities x Chaebols: a win-win relationship; Eximbank and KDB supporting Chaebols in terms of financing; KOTRA (Korean Trade Agency) supporting Korean enterprises abroad with 104 Offshore offices – working in both directions. October, 18th, 2011
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  October, 18th, 2011
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  PATENTS – registersin the USPTO – 1996 -2009 – selected countries Source: MCT, 2011. October, 18th, 2011 Anos Brasil Argentina México Coréia do Sul  Pedidos (1) Concessões Pedidos (1) Concessões Pedidos (1) Concessões Pedidos (1) Concessões 1996 145 69 78 32 97 46 4.248 1.567 1997 134 67 77 38 110 57 4.920 1.965 1998 165 88 119 46 141 77 5.452 3.362 1999 186 98 96 46 147 94 5.033 3.679 2000 220 113 137 63 190 100 5.705 3.472 2001 219 125 137 58 196 87 6.719 3.763 2002 243 112 95 58 157 105 7.937 4.009 2003 259 180 125 70 185 93 10.411 4.132 2004 287 161 103 50 179 102 13.646 4.671 2005 295 98 94 29 180 95 17.217 4.591 2006 341 148 117 47 213 88 21.685 6.509 2007 375 118 150 53 212 90 22.976 7.264 2008 442 133 138 42 248 77 23.584 8.730 2009 464 148 146 50 220 80 23.950 9.566
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  4 - InvestmentsHuge investments in Education; Establishment of 27 Research Institutes, such as KIST, KARI, KAIST (University), etc. Investment in R&D; Korean Government borrowed from abroad and offered that money to Chaebols with low interest rate. October, 18th, 2011
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  R&D expenditure –Selected countries – more recent year available Source: MCT, 2011. October, 18th, 2011 País Ano Dispêndios em P&D (US$ milhões correntes de PPC (1) ) Dispêndios em P&D em relação ao produto interno bruto (PIB) (em percentual) Dispêndios em P&D per capita (US$ correntes de PPC por habitante) Dispêndios em P&D por pesquisador (em equivalência de tempo integral) (US$ correntes de PPC por pesquisador) Alemanha 2009 83.974,8 2,82 1.025,6 269.581,9 Argentina 2007 2.664,0 0,51 67,5 68.871,8 Austrália 2008 18.755,0 2,21 866,6 204.711,7 Brasil (2) 2009 24.258,4 1,19 124,8 172.732,3 Canadá (3) 2009 24.935,5 1,95 739,0 168.774,0 China 2008 120.613,5 1,54 90,2 75.742,2 Cingapura 2008 6.575,7 2,61 1.424,9 236.188,9 Coréia 2008 43.906,4 3,36 903,3 185.936,3 Espanha 2009 20.496,4 1,38 446,3 153.183,3 Estados Unidos (3) 2008 398.194,0 2,79 1.306,3 264.175,8 França 2008 46.262,3 2,11 721,3 201.904,7 Itália 2009 24.752,6 1,27 410,7 290.270,6 Japão 2008 148.719,2 3,44 1.166,3 226.472,8 México 2007 5.719,6 0,37 54,1 150.793,0 Portugal 2009 4.411,0 1,66 414,9 96.079,4 Reino Unido (4) 2010 40.384,4 1,81 657,2 171.576,6 Rússia 2009 33.368,1 1,24 235,1 75.448,5
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  R&D expenditure bycompanies in OECD countries – 1998 – 2008 Source: OCDE Statistics, www.oecd.org . 10,05.2011 October, 18th, 2011
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  5 – Koreanway of thinking Korean has a long term view; Thinking big: Samsung (“Three stars”) Daewoo (“Great Universe”) Hyundai (“The modern era”) Hana (“Number 1”) “ Pali-pali”. There is no gap of time between decision and action; Strong notion of Nation. Hard work; Paradox: Korean people are competitive, but work as a team at the same time; Confucianism as a main society rule; October, 18th, 2011
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  15 Main pointson Korean Strategy Big investment in education; Export oriented policy x Import substitution; Strengthening of Chaebols (National enterprises); Criterion for enterprises to acess benefits from specific policies. Difinitions of specific fields of interesting; Financial policy with low interest rate; Empowerment of the Government as a buyer; Main focus on technology innovation and on patent generation (the researcher inside enterprise); Strong National System of Innovation, with fine tuning among all agents and all working in same direction; October, 18th, 2011
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  Muito obrigado Thanks감사합니다 . [email_address] October, 18th, 2011