Fundamentals of programming angeli

•SwitchCase and
•Looping Statement
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Programming
We first define the word “programming”, it is a computer
language programmers use to develop applications, scripts,
or other set of instructions for a computer to execute.

Programming is instructing a computer to do something for
you with the help of a programming language. The role of
a programming language can be described in two ways:
Technical: It is a means for instructing a Computer to
perform Tasks
Conceptual: It is a framework within which we organize
our ideas about things and processes.


A programming language should
both provide means to describe
primitive data and procedures and
means to combine and abstract those
into more complex ones.


The distinction between data and procedures is
not that clear cut. In many programming languages,
procedures can be passed as data (to be applied to ``real''
data) and sometimes processed like ``ordinary'' data.
Conversely ``ordinary'' data can be turned into
procedures by an evaluation mechanism.


If we know how to write a C expression that is
equivalent of a question such as “Is resting the value
of expression to select a course of action. In C, the
statement is the primary selection control structure

A programming language is an artificial language
designed to communicate instructions to a machine,
particularly a computer. Programming languages can
be used to create programs that control the behavior
of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.


At first, programming is confusing because you have so
much to understand about codes that will enable to run a
program. Programming has applications and program
development, the best example for this is the Internet
browser…

Programming is a creative process done by
programmers to instruct a computer on how to do a task.
Programming languages let you use them in different
ways, e.g adding numbers, etc… or storing data on disk
for later retrieval.


You have to consider languages to run or write your
own program, most demanded language in programming is
the DEV C++ (a full-featured Integrated Development
Environment (IDE)).

C++ is one of the most used programming languages
in the world. Also known as "C with Classes".

New to programming or thinking about it? It might surprise
you to know that there are many programmers who program
just for fun and it can lead to a job.


- A switch, case, select or inspect statement is a type of selection
control mechanism that exists in most imperative programming
languages such as Pascal, Ada, C/C++, C#, Java, and so on. It is
also included in several other types of languages. Its purpose is to
allow the value of a variable or expression to control the flow of
program execution via a multiway branch (or "goto", one of
several labels).

The Main Reason using switch case :
- To improve clarity, by reducing otherwise repetitive coding, and (if
the heuristics permit) also offering the potential for faster execution
through easier compiler optimization in many cases.


PROGRAMS THAT IS RELATED TO SWITCH CASE

1. The If – else Statement

-The if statement allows the programmer to make
decisions within a program.
- The general format of an if statement is:
If (expression)
statement
-Where expression represents a relational, equality, or
logical expression ( conditional expression) .


If statement (two alternatives)

Form:
If (condition) Note: if condition evaluates to true, then statement is
statement; executed and statement is skipped; otherwise, statement is
else skipped and statement is executed
statement;

If statement (One-Alternatives)
Form:
If (condition) Note: if condition evaluates to true, then statement is
statement; executed and statement is skipped

Format of the if statement
- All if statement examples in this text indent statements. The word else
Is typed without indention on a separate line. The format of the if statement
makes its meaning apparent and is used solely to improve program readability;
The format makes no difference to the computer


 There may be a situation when you need to execute a block
of code several number of times. In general statements are
executed sequentially: The first statement in a function is
executed first, followed by the second, and so on.
 Programming languages provide various control structures
that allow for more complicated execution paths.
 A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group
of statements multiple times and following is the general
from of a loop statement in most of the programming
languages:


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#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{

int number;
cout<< " Choose 1 for Mac, and 2 for Pc";

cin >> number;

switch (number)
{
case 1:

cout << " apple";

break;

case 2:

cout << "microsoft";

break;
default:

cout<< "you didn't pick one of them, sorry";

}

return 0;
}


#include <iostream>
#include <string>


int main(){

char x;

cout <<"Choose a or b : ";
cin >> x;

switch(x){

case 'a' :
cout << "You entered " << x << endl;
break;

case 'b':
cout <<"You entered" << x << endl;
break;

default:
cout <<"You have entered an incorrect input " << endl;
break;
}

system("pause");
return 0;
}


#include <iostream>

int main(){

char age;
cout << "Please enter letter associated with your age: n"
"(A) 17 years and below n"
"(B) 18 years to 64 years n"
"(C) 65 years and above n" << endl;
cin >> age;

cout << "the ticket will cost you: ";
switch (age) {

case 'A' : cout << "P60";
break;
case 'B' : cout << "P80";
break;
case 'C' : cout << "P50";
break;
default : cout << "Invalid entry";

}
cout << endl;

system("pause");
return 0;
}

#include <iostream>


int main ()
{
int selector;
cout << "Please select one of the folloeing games:n" << "nl. Guildwarsn" << "2. World of the Warcraftn"
<< "3. Half Life 2n" << endl;
cout << "Please fill in the number of the game: ";
cin >> selector;
switch(selector)
{
case 1:
system("CLS");
cout << "Name: Guildwarsn" << "Company: ArenaNetn" << endl;
break;
case 2:
system("CLS");
cout << "Name: World of Warcraftn" << "Company: Blizzardsn" << endl;
break;
case 3:
sytem("CLS");
cout << "Name: Half Life 2n" << "Company: Valven" << endl;
} break;

system("PAUSE");
}

#include <iostream>


int main ()
{
char permit;

cout << "Are you sure you want to quit? (y/n) : ";
cin >> permit;

switch (permit)
{
case 'y' :
cout << "Hope to see you again!n";
break;
case 'n' :
cout << "Welcome back!n" ;
break;
default:
cout << "What? I don't get it!n";
}

return 0;
}


 Looping Statements
- Loops execute a block of code a specified number of
times, or while a specified condition is true.
- in PHP, the following looping statements are used:

*The while Loop
* The Do… While Loop
* The For Loop
*The Foreach Loop
*Break and continue statement


While structure is another type of loop statements,
where the condition is checked at first, the iteration
will not stop even if the value changes while executing
statements.

Form:
While(condition)
{
code to be executed;
}


 Do while statement is same as the while
statement , the only difference is that it evaluates
the expression at the end.
Form:
do
{
code to be executed;
}
while (condition):

 The for loop is used when you know in advance how
many times the script should run.
 Be for statement takes three expressions inside its
parentheses separated by semi-colons. When the for
loop executes, the following occurs:
 The initializing expression is executed. This
expression usually initializes one or more loop
counter, but the syntax allow expression any degree of
complexity.
 The condition expression is evaluated. Of the value of
condition is true, the loop statements execute. If the
value of condition is false, the for loop terminates.


Form:

for {initialization; condition:
increment )
{
code to be executed
}


 For Each structure is a loop structure used for
arrays

Form:
foreach(array as value)
{
code to be executed
}

Foreach (array as key => value)
{
code to be executed
}


 Break ends the execution of the for, for
each, while, do-while or switch statement.

Form:
* Break ( optional numeric argument)


 “Continue” is used to skip the current loop iteration and
continue with the next iteration of the loop. But “Break” is to
exit from the whole loop.

Form:
* Break ( optional numeric argument)


#include <stdio.h>
main ( )
{
int x;
while(1){
printf( "nGuess the secret number>");
scanf("%d", &x);
if(x == 7)
break;
else
printf("nSorry! Try again!!!!");
}
printf("nnCongratulations!!!");
}


#include <iostream>

int main()

{
float yard, feet;

cout << "Please input number of yards: ";
cin >> yard;

feet = yard * 3;

cout << yard << " yards equal to " << feet << " feet." << endl;

system("pause");

}

#include <iostream>


int main()
{
int x;

x = 1;
cout<<"THIS IS 5x Printed the Hello, world!n";
do {
cout<<"Hello, world!n";
x++;
} while ( x <= 5 );
cin.get();
}


#include<iostream.h>
#define c cout
main(){
c<<"THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF INCREMENT LOOPINGn";
for(int z=1;z<=5;z++){
c<<z;
c<<"n";
}

system("pause");
return 0;
}


#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
main()
{
for(int z=1;z<=5;z++)
{
cout <<z<< " Message..."<<endl;
Sleep(1000);
}
//getchar();
return 0;
}


 Slideshare
 account : bergonio11339481


Switch Case and
Looping Statement
A Final Requirement
In the course of
Fundamentals of Programming

To be
Submitted to:
Professor Erwin M. Globio


Submitted by:
Ernestine Angeli A. Bergonio
BM10203
October 12, 2012

Fundamentals of programming angeli

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