Download as PDF, PPTX
![1. Fever with severe neutropenia or
immunosuppresion
2. Fever resistant to broad spectrum
antibiotics in neutropenic patient
3. Symptoms and signs of new resistant or
progressive lower respiratory tract
infection
4. Prolonged severe lymphocytopenia in
chronic graft versus host disease [GVHD]
and immunosuppression
5. Periorbital or maxillary swelling with
tenderness
37](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fungalinfectionslec-200406185157/75/Fungal-infections-lec-37-2048.jpg)
More Related Content
![Fungal infections of skin [compatibility mode]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/fungalinfectionsofskincompatibilitymode-130321223403-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Similar to Fungal infections lec
Fungal infections lec
- 1. PROF FARHAT BASHIR DEPARTMENTOF MEDICINE UM&DC AND CGH
- 2. • Fungi areeukaryotes with cell walls that give them their shape. • Fungal cells can grow as a multicellular filaments called moulds Or as single cells or chains of cells called yeast.
- 16. ACCORDING TO PATHOGENICITY: •Superficial mycoses/Mucocutaneous mycoses • Subcutaneous mycoses • Deep mycoses/SYSTEMIC MYCOSIS
- 18. SPECIMEN COLLECTION: SKIN SCRAPINGS oNail clippings/scrapings o Hair o Exudates o Biopsy materials. o Respiratory . o Body fluids e.g CSF. DIRECT EXAMINATION: Wood’s lamp 10-30% KOH Histological stains- H&E, PAS India Ink Wet mount
- 20. II. Isolation &Culture SDA Media with/without antibiotics Macroscopic examination of culture Microscopic examination
- 23.
- 24. Associated with: •Skin • Eyes • Sinuses • Oropharynx and external ears • Vagina
- 25. common and limitedto the very superficial or keratinized layers of skin, hair, and nails. Dermatophyte (Ringworm) – skin lesions characterized by red margins, scales and itching. onychomycosis – chronic infection of the nail
- 27. Mucocutaneous candidiasis– colonization of the mucous membranes • Caused by the yeast Candida albicans • Often associated with a loss of immunocompetence • Thrush – fungal growth in the oral cavity. • Vulvovaginitis – fungal growth in the vaginal canal Can be associated with a hormonal imbalance e.g diabetes mellitus
- 29. Localized primaryinfections of subcutaneous tissue:involve lymphatics and rarely disseminate Can cause the development of cysts and granulomas.
- 30. • Chromoblastomycosis • Mycetoma– Eumycetoma, actinomyecetoma • Sporotrichosis – traumatic implantation of fungal organisms. • .
- 35. Deep mycosesUsually seen in immunosuppressed patients with: • AIDS • Cancer • Diabetes Can be acquired by: • Inhalation of fungi or fungal spores • Use of contaminated medical equipment Deep mycoses can cause a systemic infection – disseminated mycoses Deep/systemic mycoses
- 37. 1. Fever withsevere neutropenia or immunosuppresion 2. Fever resistant to broad spectrum antibiotics in neutropenic patient 3. Symptoms and signs of new resistant or progressive lower respiratory tract infection 4. Prolonged severe lymphocytopenia in chronic graft versus host disease [GVHD] and immunosuppression 5. Periorbital or maxillary swelling with tenderness 37
- 38. 6. Palatal necrosisor perforation 7. Features of focal neurologic deficit or meningeal irritation with fever 8. Unexplained mental changes with fever 9. Papular or nodular skin lesions 10. Intra-ocular evidence of systemic fungal infection 38
- 39. Candidiasis • Usually opportunisticand endogenous originating from oropharyngeal, genitourinary or skin colonization • May be nosocomial Acute disseminated Chronic disseminated (hepatosplenic)
- 41. Coccidiomycoses –caused by genus Coccidioides. • Primary respiratory infection. • Leads to fever, erythremia, and bronchial pneumonia. • Usually resolves spontaneously due to immune defense. • Some cases are fatal.
- 43. Histoplasmosis –caused by Histoplasma capsulatum • Often associated with immunodeficiency. • Causes the formation of granulomas. • Can necrotize and become calcified. • If disseminated can be fatal.
- 45. Aspergillosis –caused by several species of Aspergillus • Associated with immunodeficiency. • Can be invasive and disseminate to the blood and lungs Causes acute pneumonia • Mortality is very high. Death can occur in weeks.
- 47. Candidiasis. Dermatomycoses Mucormycosis RespiratoryFungal Infections- Aspergillosis
- 48. Etioliogical agent: Candidaalbicans • Dimorphic fungus of the class Deuteromycetes . Grows as yeast or pseudohyphae Spread by contact; often part of normal flora Opportunistic infections common. Vulvovaginitis Oral candidiasis (thrush) Systemic candidiasis
- 49. Candidiasis • Residing normallyin the skin, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina. • DIABETICS AND BURN PATIENTS susceptible to superficial candidiasis. • Severe disseminated candidiasis: commonly occurs in patients who are neutropenic due to Leukemia, Chemotherapy, Or Bone Marrow Transplantation, and may cause shock and DIC.
- 50. Types of candidiasis Oralcandidiasis (Thrush). Perlèche (Angular cheilitis). Candidal vulvovaginitis . Diaper candidiasis. Congenital cutaneous candidiasis . Perianal candidiasis . Candidal paronychia . Erosio interdigitalis . Chronic mucocuntaneous candidiasis . Systemic candidiasis. Antibiotic candidiasis (Iatrogenic candidiasis)
- 52. commonly candidiasistakes the form of a superficial infection on mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity (thrush): Clinical features Oral thrush: it is a sore mouth, shows white curd like patches of the fungus on the oral mucosa and tongue, which can be scrapped away leaving a raw, tender, bleeding surface behind
- 54. 1. Topical antifungalagents Polyenes :Amphotericin B nystatin. Imidazoles: Clotrimazole Miconazole econazole 2. Systemic antifungal agents :triazoles Fluconazole , itraconazole
- 55. Dermatomycoses areany fungal infection of the skin or hair. Caused by many different species and are generally named after the infected area rather than the species that causes it.
- 56. Cause: Several generaof dermatophytic fungi: • Trichophyton. • Microsporum. • Epidermophyton. • Grow on skin, hair, nails • Transmitted by contact with infected persons or animals.
- 57. • Tinea pedis •Tinea corporis • Tinea capitis • Tinea barbae • Tinea cruris • Tinea unguium/onychomycosis Tinea infections: Red, scaly or blister-like lesions; often a raised red ring; “ringworm”
- 60. TOPICAL THERAPY:should be applied for at least 2 weeks. Topical azoles and allylamines high rates of clinical efficacy. (miconazole/ terbinafin) These agents inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a major fungal cell membrane sterol. SYSTEMIC THERAPY: may be indicated for tinea corporis in extensive skin infection, immunosuppression, resistance to topical antifungal therapy.
- 61.
- 62.