G6 presidential system

G6 presidential system

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  Comparative Political System Teammate:Professor: Leng Layheng -Seng Chantevy -Khan Sopheakkanha
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  Contents • Presidential systems •Parliamentary systems • Semi-presidential systems • Presidential, parliamentary and semi-presidential systems compared • Theories of parliamentary, presidential and semi- presidential government.
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  Introduction • Democracy isa form of government in which eligible citizens participate equally – either directly or indirectly through representative. • The great, majority of democracies combine their three branches of government in one of three general ways: – Presidential systems – Parliamentary systems – Semi-presidential systems
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  Separation of Power Federalgovernment power Legislature Executive Judiciary Makes the laws Carries out the laws Enforces the laws interprets the laws Congress President Supreme Court
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  Presidential systems • Directelected • Appoint minsters or cabinet members – Responsible only for their own department business and accountable to the president – Cannot be the members of the legislature • Presidential government is marked by four main features – Head of state and government • Perform the ceremonial duties of head of state
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  Cont… • In chargeof the executive branch –Chief of the arm forces –Head of the national civil service –Responsible for both foreign policy and for initiating domestic legislation – The execution of policy • Appoint cabinet to advise them and run the main state bureaucracies
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  Cont… – Dependence onthe legislative branch • Initiate legislation but depend on the legislature to pass it into law. – Fixed tenure presidents • Directly elected for fix term • Secure in office unless, in exceptional circumstance, they are removed from it by the legislature.
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  Cont… • Check andbalance system is an important part of the constitution. With check and balances each of the three branches of government can limit the power of the other.
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  Parliamentary systems • Ademocratic from of government in which the people vote for those who represent the political party they feel best represents their views of how the government should operate. • The prime minister leads the executive branch of the government and must answer directly to the parliament for actions taken and the policies recommended.
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  Cont… • In manyparliamentary democracies, a head of state like a queen, king, or president is the head of state but is basically a ceremonial leader. • A prime minister holds power for the term of office set by a country’s constitution
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  Cont… • A primeminister leads the work done by the parliament, and the prime minster is helped by cabinet, a group of advisors. • The parliament may remove the executive from power with a vote no confidence. Equally, the executive can dissolve the legislature and call an election.
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  Semi-presidential systems • Thepresident is directly elected by universal suffrage. • President appointed a prime minister from the elected legislature • The president and prime minster share executive power.
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  Cont… • The presidentwas given powers to : – Appoint the prime minister from the elected assembly, and to dismiss him – Dissolve parliament and call a referendum – Call an emergency and substantial powers to deal with it.
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  Presidential,parliamentary and semi- presidentialcompared Three major form of democratic government:Presidential Parliamentary Semi-presidential • Citizens directly elect the executive for a fixed term • The executive emerges from a directly elected legislature and is an integral part of it • Executive power is shared between a president(directly elected) and a prime minister who is appointed or directly elected • Except for a few joint presidencies, the president alone has executive power • The cabinet shares executive power and must reach compromises to maintain unity • The prime minister appoints a cabinet, usually from the ruling party or coalition in the assembly
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  Cont… • The presidencyis the only office of state with a general responsibility for the affairs of state. • The executive is a collegial body that share responsibility • The president often appoints the prime minister and has general responsibility for state affair especially foreign • President shares power with a separate and independently elected legislative • The office of the prime minister is usually separate from the head of state • The president often has emergency powers, including the dissolution of parliament
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  Cont… • The presidentialis directly elected and therefore directly accountable to the people • The prime minister and cabinet are responsible to parliament • The president is directly elected and directly accountable to people, the prime minister is responsible either to the president or to paliament • Example: USA, many states in central and South America,Phillipines, South Korea • Most stable democracies are parliamentary system-Australia Belgium, Canada, German, Greece, India,Japan, UK, Switzerland • France and so many post communist state including Belarus, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine
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  Theories of paliamentary,presidential and semi- presidential government Presidential Parliamentary Semi-Presidential • The USA is a model • Most of the world’s stable democracies are parliamentary system • In theory combines the best of presidential and parliamentary government • Separation of the executive and legislative institutions of government according to classical democratic theory • Fusion of executive and legislative can create strong and effective government • The president can be a symbol of the nation, and a focus of national unity, while the prime minister can run the day to day business of the government