clay Deposit

clay Deposit

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  Name :- DarjiDarshan. R Geology paper no: GEL 409 Roll No: 03 Supervision: Dr . PARAS .M. SOLANKI SIR M. G. Scienceinstitute ( Geology department) Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 [email protected] Clay Deposits
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  CONTENT • Introduction • Howand Where Clays and Clay Deposits Form • Type of clay deposits • Clay mineral group • In Gujarat clay Deposits • Clay deposits in India • uses • Reference
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  • Clay isa type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals. • Clays develop plasticity when wet, due to a molecular film of water surrounding the clay particles, but become hard, brittle and non–plastic upon drying or firing. • Most pure clay minerals are white or light- colored, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impurities, such as a reddish or brownish colour from small amounts of iron oxide.  INTRODUCTION https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay
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  CONTI…. • clay mineral,any of a group of important hydrous aluminum silicates with a layer (sheetlike) structure and very small particle size. They may contain significant amounts of iron, alkali metals, or alkaline earths. • Clay minerals were absent prior to planetesimal formation ~4.6 billion years ago but today are abundant in all near-surface Earth environments. • Clay is used in many modern industrial processes, such as paper making, cement production, and chemical filtering. Between one-half and two-thirds of the world's population live or work in
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  CONTI…. • clays andclay minerals have been mined since the Stone Age; today they are among the most important minerals used by manufacturing and environmental industries. • The term “clay” is applied both to materials having a particle size of less than 2 micrometers (25,400 micrometers = 1 inch).
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   HOW ANDWHERE CLAYS AND CLAY DEPOSITS FORM • Clays and clay minerals occur under a fairly limited range of geologic conditions. The environments of formation include soil horizons, continental and marine sediments, geothermal fields, volcanic deposits, and weathering rock formations. • Most clay minerals form where rocks are in contact with water, air, or steam. Examples of these situations include weathering boulders on a hillside, sediments on sea or lake bottoms, deeply buried sediments containing pore water, and rocks in contact with water heated by magma (molten rock).
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  CONTI… • All ofthese environments may cause the formation of clay minerals from preexisting minerals. Extensive alteration of rocks to clay minerals can produce relatively pure clay deposits that are of economic interest (for example, bentonites—primarily montmorillonite—used for drilling muds and clays used in ceramics).
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   TYPE OFCLAY DEPOSITS • There are two types of clay deposits: primary and secondary. Primary clays form as residual deposits in soil and remain at the site of formation. Secondary clays are clays that have been transported from their original location by water erosion and deposited in a new sedimentary deposit. • The three most common types of clay are earthenware, stoneware, and kaolin. Earthenware, or common clay, contains many minerals, such as iron oxide (rust), and in its raw state may contain some sand or small bits of rock
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   CLAY MINERALGROUP • Clays consists mainly of a group of crystalline substances known as the “ clay minerals”. They are all essentially hydrous aluminum silicate. • Kaolinite Occurrence: kaolinite is a secondary mineral formed by the alteration of alkali felspars.it is the chief constituent of clay Uses: 1) As a filter in pepper 2) In the manufacture of ceramics.
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  CONTI… • Talc: Occurrence: Talc isa secondary mineral formed as a result of the alteration of olivine , pyroxene and amphibole. It is often derived from ultrabasic igneous rock. It is also found in some schists in association with actinolite. uses : 1)In talcum powder. 2)As filter in paint, paper and rubber.3) in ceramics and electrical porcelain.
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  https://www.britannica.com/science/talc https://www.minerals.net/mineral/kaolinite.aspx
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   IN GUJARATCLAY DEPOSITS • China clay is found associated with Idar granites rocks of Himatnagar. The deposits occur below the Himatnagar series of Cretaceo, age and in the upper most horizon of Idar granite. They show much variatic in thickness from 1 mt. to 13 mts. with overburden varying from 2 to 25 mt in Mehsana & Sabarkantha districts. • A rare mineral, Ball Clay is found in select places around the world. In India, the richest deposits are found in Gujarat and Rajasthan. GMDC's Ball Clay mines are located at Rajpardi, Bharuch.
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   CLAY DEPOSITSIN INDIA • The reserves/resources are spread over in a number of States of which Kerala holds about 23%, followed by Rajasthan (19%),West Bengal (14%), Odisha (10%) and Karnataka (9%). • Mainly found in the industry in West Bengal is concentrated in the Birbhum district, with Mohammad Bazar community development block at the center. The village Khoria (or Kharia), which sits at the heart of it, got its name from Khori, which is what the local people call China clay.
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   USES • Modellingclay is used in art and handicraft for sculpting. Clays are used for making pottery, both utilitarian and decorative, and construction products, such as bricks, walls, and floor tiles. Different types of clay, when used with different minerals and firing conditions, are used to produce earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. • Clay is used in many industrial processes, such as paper making, cement production, and chemical filtering. Bentonite clay is widely used as a mold binder in the manufacture of sand castings.
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  CONTI… • Traditional usesof clay as medicine goes back to prehistoric times. An example is Armenian bole, which is used to soothe an upset stomach. Some animals such as parrots and pigs ingest clay for similar reasons. Kaolin clay and attapulgite have been used as anti-diarrheal medicines. • This property is exploited by potters and the ceramics industry to produce plates, cups, bowls, pipes. Environmental industries use both these properties to produce homogeneous liners for containment of waste. in water
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  CONTI… • Also aprimary ingredient in many natural building techniques, clay is used to create adobe, cob, cordwood, and rammed earth structures and building elements such as wattle and daub, clay plaster, clay render case, clay floors and clay paints and ceramic building material. • The main uses of bentonite are in drilling mud and as a binder, purifier, absorbent, and carrier for fertilizers or pesticides. As of around 1990, almost half of the US production of bentonite was used as drilling mud. Minor uses include filler, sealant, and catalyst in petroleum refining. • Bentonite clay works like a sponge on your skin. It absorbs dirt and oil, like sebum. Too much sebum can lead to acne. The antibacterial and anti- inflammatory properties may help your skin heal.
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  REFFRENCE • http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay •https://www.britannica.com/ • WWW.GOOGLE.COM (photos)