Gelig, Ella Kim-Vulnerability-Assessment-of-Coastal-Areas-in-Panabo-City to Flooding Hazard.pdf

Gelig, Ella Kim-Vulnerability-Assessment-of-Coastal-Areas-in-Panabo-City to Flooding Hazard.pdf

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  Vulnerability Assessment ofCoastal Areas in Panabo City to Flooding Hazard Abstract This study assesses the vulnerability of coastal areas in Panabo City to climate-related hazards, with a focus on potential impacts. It takes a multidisciplinary approach, integrating geographical information systems (GIS), climate modeling, and socio-economic data. The goal is to evaluate the susceptibility of the coastal zones to various climate-induced threats, particularly flooding, both presently and in the future. The study also examines the adaptive capacity of local communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems in the face of these hazards. The findings will identify specific vulnerable areas and provide insights into potential adaptation strategies to enhance resilience and promote sustainable development in Panabo City's coastal areas. The research contributes valuable information for urban planning, disaster preparedness, and climate change mitigation efforts in other coastal cities facing similar challenges. Keywords: coastal vulnerability, VA, natural hazards, flooding Introduction Living on the coast makes communities more at risk from climate change impacts. Panabo City, for example, faces significant challenges due to its location along the coast. As the city's population and economy continue to grow, it becomes even more important to evaluate the risks posed by climate change to its coastal areas. Conducting a thorough assessment is essential to better prepare for and respond to potential threats. Panabo City, located along the coast of the Davao Gulf, is prone to several climate-related hazards, such as flooding. The purpose of the vulnerability assessment is to gain a better understanding of the city's susceptibility to flooding hazard and their potential impacts on the local population, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Objectives The main goal of this study is to carry out a Vulnerability Assessment (VA) in four coastal barangays of Panabo City: Barangays J.P. Laurel, Cagangohan, San Pedro, and San Vicente. The assessment will specifically concentrate on the climate-related hazard of flooding. The study identifies and analyzes the potential risks and impacts of these hazards. By comprehending the vulnerabilities in the coastal areas, this assessment will facilitate informed decision-making and the formulation of effective adaptation strategies.. Methodology This study utilized a descriptive research design using quantitative methods. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized to assess the VA of Panabo City's coastal areas. The researcher conducted Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with participants such as LGU officials, Barangay Captains, Barangay kagawad, Barangay secretaries, and Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Officers (BDRRMO). Additionally, environmental groups and local households residing in the four coastal barangays of Panabo City were also included as respondents. Supplementary data, including climate events and GIS process maps from the
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  Local Government Unitof Panabo, were also taken into account. In measuring the vulnerability assessment of coast barangays, the study followed the systematic procedure of the new modified formula for the Vulnerability Assessment Tool (Coastal Facilities Vulnerability Assessments - Climate Change (U.S. National Park Service). (n.d.). Vulnerability = Exposure + Sensitivity Results and Discussion A natural hazard refers to an extreme event that occurs naturally and brings harm to humans, or to other things that we care about (Kininmonth, W., 2003). It can be categorized into several broad groups: geological hazards, hydrological hazards, and meteorological hazards. Examples of meteorological hazards include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, droughts, floods, coastal erosion, and storm surges. Many of these geophysical hazards are interconnected. For instance, earthquakes can trigger tsunamis, which can then cause coastal flooding and erosion. These hazards expose resources and communities in lowland, upland, and coastal areas to the risk of property damage, loss of life, and environmental degradation (Breton, F., & Sauri‐Pujol, D., 1997). In Panabo City, only the coastal barangays are affected by flooding and storm surge hazards. A flood is a natural event wherein dry land areas of suddenly get submerged under water. Flooding is sometimes resulting from a coastal storm, dam break, or heavy rainfall within coastal zones (Kirschen et al., 2008; Moser and Tribbia, 2006). This is usually experienced by the four (4) coastal barangays of Panabo City. In 2017, PAGASA placed Davao del Norte into blue alert status after experiencing heavy rainfall due to the tail end of the cold front that flooded several communities and displaced hundreds of families (Revita, 2017). This natural hazard continuously disrupts social and economic activities as well as physical assets; thus, considering it as a significant problem for many areas (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, 2005; Polyak, et al., 2010; United States Government Accountability Office, 2009). The recorded data of the city on the previous disasters from 2012 to current shows that flooding is experienced in población specifically in the coastal areas because of heavy rainfall and the occurrence of typhoons. There are no causalities recorded but there are affected families and damages on the properties as shown in the table below. Table 1: Records of Previous Disasters, City of Panabo Hazard Events and Description Affected Barangays No. of Casualties (Number of Individual) No. of Affected Source of Information Dead Injured Missing Persons Families August 25, 2014 at 4:00 pm heavy rains occurred in the Poblacion of Panabo City that resulted to Flash Flood Sto. Niño, Gredu and San Vicente - - - - - CDRRMO Strong winds and big sea waves were San Vicente, San Pedro and Cagangohan - - - 70 Fishermen were affected 84 Families CDRRMO
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  Hazard Events and Description Affected Barangays No.of Casualties (Number of Individual) No. of Affected Source of Information Dead Injured Missing Persons Families experienced In Panabo City brought by Southwest Monsoon in San Vicente, 215 persons in Barangay Cagangohan in Barangay Cagangoh an Flooding occurred on February 16, 2017 cause by tail end of a cold front Barangay Gredu and Sto. Niño - - - 0 0 CDRRMO On January 18, 2017 Flash Flood was experienced by the few Urban Barangays due to heavy rainfall Barangay Gredu, J.P. Laurel, Salvacion, Sto. Niño and Cagangohan - - - 215 47 CDRRMO The occurrence of Typhoon Pablo on December 4, 2012 Cagangohan, Sto. Niño, J.P. Laurel, San Vicente, New Visayas, Quezon - - - 12 46 CDRRMO The Occurrence of Typhoon Ofel on October 26, 2012 Cagangohan and San Vicente - - - 7 0 CDRRMO Big waves caused by Southeast Monsoon Cagangohan - - - 68 14 CDRRMO Source: CDRMO, Panabo City, 2023 Figure 1: Coastal Barangays Vulnerability Map in Flooding (Source: GIS Generated by CPDO-LGU Panabo)
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  Figure 2: HouseholdsVulnerability in Flooding (Source: GIS Generated by CPDO-LGU Panabo) Table 2: Households per barangays vulnerable to flooding Barangay Hazard No. of Households Cagangohan High Flooding 134 Moderate Flooding 2 Low Flooding 2089 J.P. Laurel High Flooding 85 Moderate Flooding - Low Flooding 1270 San Pedro High Flooding 143 Moderate Flooding 6 Low Flooding 586 San Vicente High Flooding 20 Moderate Flooding 2325 Low Flooding 197 Source: Data Generated by CPDO-LGU Panabo
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  Conclusions and Recommendation Toreduce potential impacts and increase the adaptive capacity of natural and man-made physical resources in the coastal barangays of Panabo City, the following actions are recommended: 1. Establish early warning systems and formulate flooding contingency plans. 2. Implement sustainable livelihood programs for families below the poverty threshold. 3. Manage vegetation to control soil erosion. 4. Provide comprehensive housing programs for affected families. 5. Construct drainage systems. 6. Develop regulations for hazard-resistant design. 7. Implement mandatory relocation policies for structures near water bodies. 8. Promote climate-sensitive production practices. Integrating these measures through collaboration with local authorities, community stakeholders, and relevant government agencies is crucial. This will ensure long-term sustainability and adaptability to changing conditions. References Coastal Facilities Vulnerability Assessments - Climate Change (U.S. National Park Service). (n.d.). https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechange/vulnerabilityandadaptation.htm Kininmonth, W. (2003, May). Climate Change — A Natural Hazard. Energy & Environment, 14(2–3), 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1260/095830503765184600 Breton, F., & Sauri‐Pujol, D. (1997, January). Toward a redefinition of resources and hazards in coastal management: Examples from the lowland coastal areas of Catalonia, Spain. Coastal Management, 25(4), 363–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920759709362330 Kirschen, P., Watson, C., Douglas, E., Gontz, A., Lee, J., & Tian, Y. (2008). Coastal flooding in the Northeastern United States due to climate change. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 13(5-6), 437-451. Klein, R.J.T & Nicholls, R.J. (1999). Assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change. Ambio 28(2), 182-187. Nicholls, R. J., & Tol, R. S. (2006). Impacts and responses to sea-level rise: a global analysis of the SRES scenarios over the twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 364(1841), 1073- 1095. Polyak, L., Andrews, J., Brigham-Grette, J., Darby, D., Dyke, A., Funder, S., Holland, M., Jennings, A., Savelle, J., Serreze, M., & Wolff, E. (2010). History of sea ice in the Arctic. Quarterly Sciences Review, 1-22. Revita, J. (2017). Hundreds displaced in Davao flooding, red alert on Thursday. Sunstar. Retrieved from http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2017/02/16/ hundreds- displaced-davao-flooding-red-alert-526228.