Gem ppt-8-waste to energy

Gem ppt-8-waste to energy

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  KITCHEN WASTE TO COOKING GAS PPT-8 GreenEarth Movement An E-Newsletter for the cause of Environment, Peace, Harmony and Justice Remember - “you and I can decide the future”
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  Every year, about55 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) and 38 billion liters of sewage are generated in the urban areas of India. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries. Waste generation in India is expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are rates of waste generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of approximately 1-1.33% annually. This has significant impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels.
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  Most wastes thatare generated, find their way into land and water bodies without proper treatment, causing severe water pollution. They also emit greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide, and add to air pollution. Any organic waste from urban and rural areas and industries is a resource due to its ability to get degraded, resulting in energy generation.
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  The problems causedby solid and liquid wastes can be significantly mitigated through the adoption of environment-friendly waste-to-energy technologies that will allow treatment and processing of wastes before their disposal. These measures would reduce the quantity of wastes, generate a substantial quantity of energy from them, and greatly reduce environmental pollution. India’s growing energy deficit is making the government central and state governments become keen on alternative and renewable energy sources. Waste to energy is one of these, and it is garnering increasing attention from both the central and state governments.
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  VAST POTENTIAL According tothe Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), there exists a potential of about 1700 MW from Urban waste (1500 from MSW and 225 MW from sewage) and about 1300 MW from industrial waste. The ministry is also actively promoting the generation of energy from waste, by providing subsidies and incentives for the projects. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) estimates indicate that India has so far realized only about 2% of its waste-to-energy potential. A market analysis from Frost and Sullivan predicts that the Indian municipal solid waste to energy market could be growing at a compound annual growth rate of 9.7% by 2013. The following chart explains how community gains by opting for
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  Waste To Energy(WTE) Basics Organic waste deposited in a landfill decomposes over time, releasing a mixture of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Gasification controls and accelerates the natural decomposition process to create synthesis gas (syngas), which is used to generate power. This technology is not new; in the mid-1800’s many Large cities used gasification to produce the gas used for street Lighting.
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  Technologies for theGeneration of Energy from Waste Biogas is produced when organic matter is broken down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen, called anaerobic digestion. This process occurs Naturally in many environments with limited oxygen, for instance in marshes, rice fields and in the stomach of ruminants. The gas can also be produced by fermentation of bio-gradable materials. In a gas plant the natural process is utilized by adding - or pump - organic matter into a digester, which is a completely airtight container. In the digester a raw biogas is formed plus a nutritious digestate which can be used for fertilizer, which shall not be mixed up with sludge! The gas content comprises mainly methane (55-70%) and carbon dioxide (30-45%). It may have some small amounts of ammonia, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, moisture and siloxanes.
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  WTE STEP-BY-STEP All technologiesthat convert waste-to-energy involve the same basic steps. 1. Waste pre-processing: Waste is delivered to the facility and processed for the delivery to the gasifier. 2. Conveyance: Systems will generally include some sort of conveyor to move the pre -
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  3. Gasifier: Alltechnologies put the waste into a chamber that is essentially an organic waste pressure cooker. While gasifiers are all different in some way, using multiple chambers or processing waste at differing combinations of time, temperature and pressure, all essentially perform the same function – the conversion of organic waste into syngas. Gasification is not incineration; the oxygen content is controlled during the process to ensure that the waste is never combusted or burned.
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  4. Steam &Power Creation: Syngas moves from the gasifier to a boiler where the syngas is combusted, with heat creating steam that powers turbines to generate power. 5. Treatment of Flue Gas: Any flue gas is treated so That system emissions meet all applicable air quality systems.
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  The Gas CanBe Used For Different Purposes • Heating purposes, such as cooking. • Run generators and make electricity. • Be compressed and used in combustion engines. • Waste recycling when waste matter is a feedstock. Biomethane is the generic term for gases consisting mainly of methane and produced from biomass. Biomethane is the name being referred to when biogas has been cleaned and upgraded to the same standard as natural gas (fossil gas). When this upgrading is done the methane content is
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  Indian Government Support forWaste to Energy The Indian Government has recognized waste to energy as a renewable technology and supports it through various subsidies and incentives. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is actively promoting all the technology options available for energy recovery from urban and industrial wastes. MNRE is also promoting the research on waste to energy by providing financial support for R&D projects on cost sharing basis in accordance with the R&D Policy of the MNRE. In addition to that, MNRE also provides financial support for projects involving applied R&D and studies on resource assessment, technology up-gradation and performance evaluation.
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  INDIA IS FARBEHIND IN BIO-GAS TECHNOLOGY! Compared to the biogas programme in China, where seven million household and community biogas systems have been successfully installed. India has a long way to go to realise the benefits of biogas technology. China, through the creation of effective institutions and by placing an emphasis on training and education, has achieved widespread dissemination of biogas technology (Ruchen, 1981, Daxiong et al, 1990), though the social organisation may particularly facilitate the spread of new, community-focused technologies.
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  Most biogas plantswhich are currently in operation In India and elsewhere are designed for animal manure as Their main feedstock, and are therefore used in rural areas. Whereas in cities, a majority of the people use LPG or kerosene for cooking. The immediate benefit from owning a compact biogas system is the savings in cost as compared to the use of kerosene or LPG for cooking. The up-front cost of a biogas system is higher than for LPG, since an LPG bottle plus a two burner stove costs only INR 5,000 (spprox. USD 100) whereas the compact biogas plan plus a biogas stove costs about INR 10,000 (approx. USD 200). However, the operational cost for biogas is only about INR 2 per day if waste flour is used as feedstock, and can be zero if the plant uses only food wastes. This is much cheaper than LPG, which costs about INR 30 per day, even with the current subsidy of 50%. Biogas can easily replace 50% of the LPG used by a family. Some families who use a pressure cooker for cooking and collect food waste from
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  Purchasing your owncompact biogas system: Cost & Payment ARTI’s trained technicians install the biogas plants using locally available plastic tanks (commonly used For water storage) and a plumbing kit supplied by Samuchit Enviro-Tech (SET) Pvt. Ltd., a company set up by members of ARTI. SET also supplies a single burned biogas stove made of cast iron, and a gas cock. This set, consisting of the plumbing kit and a single burner biogas stove, costs INR 2350 (M.R.P. inclusive of taxes and transport anywhere in India). The total estimated cost of the compact biogas system for a typical household (around 1000-1500 lit capacity) is about INR 10,000, but the actual cost may vary based on local prices of plastic tanks and local labour costs. For more information, please contact us at [email protected] . SEE THE NEXT SLIDE FOR THE CONTACT DETAILS OF OTHER BIO-GAS CONSULTANTS
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  WASTE TO ENERGYCONSULTANTS (List not exhaustive - courtesy: Internet) 1] DELHI - Envo Projects, Mobile : 9899300371, email: [email protected], web: http://saleemindia.blogspot.com 2] NEW DELHI - ASPES SOLAR ,# 532, NEW DELHI, CONTACT – 9899424681 3] MUMBAI - BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE, Tel : 091-022-5505337/559389, Fax : 091- 022-5505151, Email : [email protected] 4] PUNE – APPROPRIATE RURAL TECHNOLOGY INDIA, Email - [email protected] 5] THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - BIOTECH CORPORATE OFFICE, Phone : +91-471-2331909, 2321909, 2332179, Fax :-91-471-2332179, Email – [email protected], Website : www.biotech-india.org 6] KOCHI, e-mail is - svnot@ yahoo .com, Mobile 0 99 47 06 48 62 7] COCHIN - Synod Bioscience (P) Ltd, Ph: 0484 4070404, Mob: +919995994291, Email: [email protected] 8] KANYAKUMARI - Vivekananda Kendra, phone: 04652 246296 and 04652 -247126. cell. 9486942769 ; e-mail - [email protected] 9] HYDERABABD - Renewable Energy and Environmental Service Enterprise(REESE), Email: [email protected], Mobile: +91-99897 99892 10] CHENNAI - EAI - Energy Alternatives India, Tel. + 91 90435 39679, Email : [email protected] 11] SALEM - Arjun Energy Corporation, Ph: +91 427 2417121/51/91. +91 94433 75577, [email protected] 12] BANGALURU - Scalene Greenergy Corporation Ltd, Tel: +91 (0)80 2546 77 88, Fax: +91 (0)80 2549 55 66, www.scalenegreenergy.com , [email protected]
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  This educational PowerPointPresentation (editable) is prepared by GEM Team (courtesy: internet). For other similar GEM PowerPoint Presentations on various environmental issues see next slide. These PPTs may be downloaded from our website www.infantjesusjogeshwari.in The GEM PPTs can be creatively used for various groups like school/college students, NGOs, government officials, Church groups, SCC groups, housing society members and so on.
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  1. Twenty SimpleTips 2. Solar Energy 3. Junk Food 4. Plastic – a boon or bane? 5. Green Passion 6. Zero Garbage 7. Soft drink – A Health Hazard 8. Waste to energy 9. Rain Water Harvesting 10. Eco-friendly Religions 11. Happy Green Diwali 12. Climate Change 13. The future of Biodiversity 14. Genetically Modified Foods 15. Waste Water Treatment 16. Body, Organ, Tissue Donation 17. Organic Farming 18. Waste to cooking gas 19. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 20. Protect Mangroves 21. Say NO to Bottled water 22. Save Lakes and Ponds 23. Forests are green lungs 24. Coal Mining and Ecology 25. Sin of Food Waste 26. Climate change and Poverty 27. Stop Water Pollution 28. Carbon Footprints 29. Parks and Open Spaces 30. Rising Sea Levels 31. Laudato Si – Pope’s Encyclical 32. Air Pollution 33. Life Style Changes 34. Laudato Si – Fr Gerard 35. Water Pollution 36. Sand Mining 37. Kids Eco Clubs 38. Water Disaster
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  For Free GEME-Newsletters visit – www.infantjesusjogeshwari.in. Go to GEM section, click GEM E-NEWSLETTERS