General health in adolescence by 41 41.pptx

General health in adolescence by 41 41.pptx

• 1.
  General Health Problems During Adolescent By:Deepak [41] &Deepti [42]
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  Definition and Importanceof Adolescent Health • Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood • A time of rapid physical, cognitive, social, and emotional maturing. Definition of adolescence • WHO defines “adolescence” as age between 10 and 19 years • Government of India (National Youth Policy) defines adolescence as 13–19 years • Early adolescence refers to age 10–13 years, middle adolescence refers to age 14–16 years and late adolescence refers to age 17–19 years.
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  1. Bodily changescause emotional stress and strain as well as abrupt and rapid mood swings. 2. Sexual attraction leads to a desire to mix freely and interact with each other. 3. Adolescence is characterized by an emerging capacity to reason in an increasingly more sophisticated manner. 4. Adolescents have a sense of uniqueness and personal invulnerability. 5. This sense of personal invulnerability, coupled with a desire to test and master and their newly emerging physical and mental capabilities, may also explain the risk-taking behaviors observed during this age. Cognitive and Developmental Changes
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  Adolescence is customarilydivided into the stages: (1) Early (age 11–14 years), • Characterized by a focus on the physical changes that accompany puberty and by concrete thinking. Separation from parents and the rise in peer group influence begins during this stage but is not prominent. (2) Middle (age 14–17 years) and • Peer group influence and conflicts with parents peak. Risk-taking behaviors, become common. Concerns about one’s developing sense of self and autonomy become increasingly important. (3) Late (age 17–21 years) • The focus shifts to developing the capacity for intimacy in relationships and defining one’s career goals and place in society. PHASES OF ADOLESCENCE
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  1. Medical diseases:Asthma, respiratory infections, tuberculosis, precocious or delayed puberty short stature, and chronic disorders such as diabetes, celiac diseases, heart diseases, etc. 2. Consequences of risk-taking behavior: Accidents and injuries, violence, homicide, suicide, substance abuse 3. Nutritional problems: Undernutrition, iron deficiency, obesity, and eating disorders—anorexia nervosa, bulimia 4. Reproductive health problems: Teenage pregnancy, abortion, menstrual problems, and reproductive tract infections 5. Mental health problems: Substance abuse, violence, depression and suicide, learning disorders, and other psychiatric disorders Adolescent Health Problems
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  1. Nutritional problems 2.Sexual and reproductive health problems (including HIV/AIDS) 3. Noncommunicable diseases 4. Mental health problems 5. Substance use and abuse (tobacco, alcohol, and other substances) 6. Injuries and violence (including gender-based violence) 7. Endemic and chronic diseases: TB, malaria, asthma Priority Health Problems Affecting Adolescents
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  1. Behavior contributingto unintentional violent injuries 2. Tobacco use 3. Alcohol and other drug use 4. Sexual behaviors contributing to unintended pregnancy, STD and HIV 5. Unhealthy dietary behavior 6. Physical inactivity Priority Health-risk Behaviors in Adolescents
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  These factors increasethe likelihood of adolescents making decisions that contribute positively to their health and development and decrease the likelihood of engaging in risky behavior. 1) caring and meaningful relationships; 2) positive school environment; 3) structure and boundaries for behaviors; 4) having spiritual beliefs; 5) encouragement of self-expression; and 6) opportunities for participation and contribution. PROTECTIVE FACTORS
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  • References-: • Piyushgupta • Ghai • UNICEF AND WHO SITES
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  Thank you…