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General physiology
Physiology attempts to explain the physical and chemical factors responsible for life. Homeostasis refers to maintaining equilibrium by balancing internal and external environments. The main body systems that help maintain homeostasis are the respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urinary, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems. Body fluid consists of water and dissolved solutes, making up 60% of total body weight, with extracellular fluid comprising 20% and intracellular fluid 40%.
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General physiology
- 1. General Physiology Md. AminulIslam Department of Pharmacy World University of Bangladesh
- 2. Physiology Physiology attempts toexplain the physical and chemical factors that are responsible for the origin development and progression of life.
- 3. Homeostasis Homeostasis means ‘Balance’or ‘equillibrium’ maintain a static condition of internal environment of the body.
- 4. How different bodysystem maintains homeostasis. 1. Respiratory system: Provides O2 for cells/removes CO2. 2. GIT system: Provides nutrition. 3. CVS system: Transporter or tissue exchanger. 4. Urinary system: Excreation of metabolic end products.
- 5. How different bodysystem maintains homeostasis. 5. Endocrine system: Controlling system of hormones. 6. Musculoskeletal system: Facilitating the locomotion. 7. Nervous system: Controlling system of homeostasis.
- 6. Body fluid Water ofthe body together with its dissolved solute is called body fluid. 60% of the total body weight.
- 7. Types of bodyfluid 1. Extracellular 20%: - Plasma 5%. - Interstitial fluid 15%. - Transcellular fluid. 2. Intracellular 40%.
- 8. Exocytosis Extrusion of proteinsfrom cell to the surrounding fluid is called exocytosis.
- 9. Endocytosis Ingestion of nutrientsand other substances from the surrounding fluid by the cell is called endocytosis.
- 10. Diffusion Movement of moleculesin a solution from a higher concentration to lower concentration is called diffusion.
- 11. Osmosis Movement of solventin a solution from a lower concentration to higher concentration is called osmosis.
- 12. Filtration Process of separationof undissolved particles with the help of filtering force.
- 13. Action potential An actionpotential is a rapid change in the membrane potential followed by a return to the resting membrane potential.
- 14. Stages of actionpotential - Resting stage. - Depolarization stage. - Repolarization. - Spike potential. - Negative after potential. - Positive after potential.
- 15. Membrane potential The electricalpotential difference across the membrane is called membrane potential.
- 16.