The document discusses spatial analysis and visualization using open source GIS and OGC standards. It provides examples of 1) a national land environment assessment map service, 2) an integrated epidemiological investigation analysis system, and 3) a Web Processing Service demo. It also discusses descriptive statistics, spatial pattern analysis, spatial interpolation, vector and raster geoprocessing tools, and setting up a GeoServer and PostGIS system to support WMS, WFS, and WPS services.