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GIS and GPS - applications in civil engg
GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location data worldwide. It uses a constellation of satellites that orbit the Earth every 11 hours and 58 minutes, providing 24-hour 3D coverage. GPS is used for navigation, land surveying, tracking vehicles and individuals, and guiding missiles. GIS is a computer-based technology that stores, retrieves, maps, and analyzes geographic data for applications like transportation planning, environmental impact assessments, resource management, and disaster response. GIS integrates different data layers to allow analysis and visualization of spatial patterns, trends, and relationships.
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GIS and GPS - applications in civil engg
- 2. • Global PositioningSystems (GPS) A system of earth orbiting satellites which provides precise location on the earth’s surface in lat/long co-ordinates. 11 hours 58 mins- Orbital period 24 hour 3D coverage worldwide. • Remote Sensing (RS) It is acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object.
- 3. GPS: WHAT ISIT The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space- based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.
- 5. Computer-based Technology Designed withsoftware, hardware, data, procedure, Network and live ware. Storage, retrieval, mapping and analysis of Geographic data. Data is stored in coordinate form. Layered together for mapping analysis.
- 7. Location Where areparticular feature found? Patterns What geographical patterns exist? Trends Where have changes occurred over given period? Conditions Where do certain conditions apply?
- 10. Data, Information, Knowledge,Intelligence • Data: Collection of facts/figures that pertain to places, people, things, events, and concepts. • Information: Data transferred – through processes. GIS Data Hardcopy Maps Digital Data GPSCo-ordinates
- 11. Geography Attributes Behavior Rules: Streetsand highways may not intersect
- 13. • data isorganized by layers. • layers are integrated using explicit location on the earth’s surface, thus geographic location is the organizing principle.
- 14. Transportation WatershedAnalysis Environment Impact Assessment Remote Sensing Urban Development Target Site Selection Landfill Site Selection Mineral mapping Pollution Monitoring Natural Hazard Assessment Resource Management
- 15. Planning • Involves surveys,review of exiting infrastructure. • GIS- integrates, manage, analyze and visualize the wide range of data sets. Design • GIS- data management tools to manage and share data between GIS and CAD soln. Maintenance • Detailed understanding of the location of assets for transport infrastructure. Information • Up to date information systems for travellers. • The wide choice of travel options require true multi-modal solutions.
- 16. • METRO projects. •Airlines or road transport-detailed information-Bus no, route, timings etc. • Disaster responses-advance warning. • Planning and locating- railway corridors Finding a subset of locations from a set of potential- minimizing cost • Customer or demand locations. • Potential site locations and/or existing facilities. • Street network or Euclidean distance.
- 21. GIS mapwater resources and link them to a database Planners/Engineers link their modelling system to the GIS-tie to attribute data. Data – land use & land cover, geology, soils, hydrography & topography. Project represented in 3-D form-the impact of facilities on landscape-design process Estimate the magnitude of high-flow events, the probability of low-flow events. Determine flood zones. Identify high-potential erosion areas. Derive physical characteristics area, perimeter, soil data etc.
- 22. Environmental Impact Assessment fora new Construction project , pollution monitoring.
- 23. Applications of GPS This system gives us the accurate geographic position required for land surveying. It is used for navigation purposes in Aircraft,Ships,Submarines etc. It is now exceedingly used to locate the enemy targets and subsequently hitting them by GPS information guided missiles. For public use simpler version are available for locating the vehicles, the individuals and the parties, in hicking and mountaineering expeditions and other number of applications.
- 24. Advantages of GPS This system is fast replacing with conventional methods of surveying like Triangulation, Traversing etc. It no longer requires the inter-visibility of station points. The conventional techniques are still required for detail surveying. The horizontal and vertical control can easily be established with the help of GPS
- 25. With increasinglycomplex projects, GIS provides the civil engineers with tools for Creating , managing , analysing and visualizing all types of geographic information. GIS education is expected to prepare individuals in the civil engineering profession for the implementation of engineering projects/tasks with time- and money-saving approaches. Some of the open ended limitations the high over head cost GPS/GIS soft wares and Hard wares