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- 1. Oracle RDBMS Patching Brian Hitchcock OCP 8, 8i, 9i DBA Sun Microsystems [email protected] [email protected] NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 1
- 2. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 2 Why Patch the RDBMS? To upgrade – For example 8.1.7.0 to 8.1.7.4 One-off patch – Fix a specific bug Security patches – Fix specific security issues for specific products – This is the focus here… – But notice that I end up patching to 8.1.7.4 as well…
- 3. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 3 Patching In General Is becoming a bigger issue – More patches more often – More patches for more products – Think this is bad? – Oracle apps patching makes this look easy – Apps 11i patching is more complex Many more modules, interactions
- 4. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 4 Patching In General And, more fun… – No way to back out of a patch In general Specific patches may say you can deinstall… But what if that patch required 8.1.7.4? – Once applied, only one way to go back… Full restore of ORACLE_HOME from backup – No way to tell what patch level a database is at Other than version such as 8.1.7.4 You must manually keep track of patches applied
- 5. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 5 Patching In General How often do you patch? – Every time a new security patch is available? – Quarterly? Security risk until latest patch(es) applied? – Testing for each patch? For bug fix patch, testing is clear For other types of patches - None? - Complete? - In between?
- 6. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 6 Patch Testing Details What is your policy? – Apply all needed patches, test? – Apply one patch and test? – If testing shows problems, what to do? – Need to test Your app software Vendor app software OS issues Security, chroot, other software components
- 7. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 7 How Do You Know…? What patch(es) do you need to apply? – Security alerts from Oracle Must review each one manually – Metalink – Your environment has hit a specific bug – Need specific functionality Feature isn’t available until 9.2.0.4
- 8. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 8 How Do You Know…? For security patches – Oracle sends out security alerts Each alert applies to specific products Your site doesn’t need all of them No source for a single list of which patches you need – I like to file a TAR to confirm the patches I need Some patches require other patches Fun, fun, fun!
- 9. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 9 Example, for 8.1.7.0 Get current with all security alerts – Political – Nothing was done for a long time – A manager read about a recent oracle alert – Suddenly we have to apply lots of patches
- 10. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 10 Why Discuss 8.1.7.0? 8.1.7.0 is not cool! Cool DBAs only talk about 10g! But real world has 8.1.7.X databases The older a db version becomes the more patches you will need to stay current Same issues are happening for 9i – Will happen for 10g Process is the same, starting version doesn’t matter
- 11. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 11 Finding Security Alerts Metalink FAQ for security alerts – Doc id 237007.1 – Item I, generic questions Number 10, what security patches do I need for my database? Points to number 13, security patch matrix - 8.1.7.4 doesn’t need patches below #48 - 9.2.0.4 doesn’t need patches below #59 – When I did this I needed 48, 49, 50, 51, 54 Security alert #62 hadn’t been issued at that time – Today I would need #62 as well…
- 12. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 12 Finding Security Alerts FAQ for security alerts (cont’d) – Item II, list of security alerts and notes Lists security alerts #18 through #66 Review each security alert for patch # – Security alert #66 is most recent as of today Check Metalink frequently – 237007.1 changed may 07, 2004 while I was creating the previous slide – Note that more products means more patches Database plus app server etc.
- 13. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 13 Security Alerts Listing of security alerts from doc id 237007.1 II. List of Security Alerts and Notes (since Nov 2001) II.1. Security Alerts: Doc 265308.1 Security Alert #66: Vulnerabilities in Oracle Application Server Web Cache Doc 258997.1 Security Alert #65: Security Vulnerability in Oracle9i Application and Database Servers Doc 263508.1 Security Alert #64: Buffer Overflow in Oracle9i Database Server Doc 263509.1 Security Alert #63: Security Vulnerabilities in Oracle9i Lite Doc 258996.1 Security Alert #62: SSL Update for CERT CA-2003-26 and older SSL issues Doc 253982.1 Security Alert #61: SQL Injection Vulnerability in Oracle9i Application Server Doc 252706.1 Security Alert #60: Unauthorized Access to Restricted Content in Oracle Files Doc 251910.1 Security Alert #59: Buffer Overflow in Oracle Binaries Doc 246202.1 Security Alert #58: Buffer Overflow in the XML Database of Oracle9i Database Server Doc 244523.1 Security Alert #57: Buffer Overflows in EXTPROC of Oracle Database Server Doc 244335.1 Security Alert #56: Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Oracle E-Business Suite Doc 244294.1 Security Alert #55: Unauthorized Disclosure of Information in Oracle E-Business Suite Doc 237172.1 Security Alert #54: Buffer Overflow in Oracle Net Services for Oracle Database Server Doc 235262.1 Security Alert #53: Report Review Agent (RRA/FNDFS) Vulnerability in Oracle E-Business Suite Doc 229288.1 Security Alert #52: Two Vulnerabilities in Oracle9i Application Server Doc 229287.1 Security Alert #51: Buffer Overflow in the Oracle Executable of Oracle Database Server Doc 229286.1 Security Alert #50: Buffer Overflow in Oracle Database
- 14. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 14 Security Alerts Doc 229285.1 Security Alert #49: Buffer Overflow in Oracle Database Doc 229284.1 Security Alert #48: Buffer Overflow in Oracle Database Doc 224215.1 Security Alert #47: Vulnerabilities in Oracle 9i Application Server Doc 216775.1 Security Alert #46: Buffer Overflow in iSQL*Plus (Oracle9i Database Server) Doc 214356.1 Security Alert #45: Security Release of Apache 1.3.27 Doc 213415.1 Security Alert #44: Unauthorized Access Vulnerability in the Oracle E-Business Doc 213413.1 Security Alert #43: Oracle9i Application Server - Web Cache Administration Tool Crash on Malformed Request Doc 213411.1 Security Alert #42: Security Vulnerability in Oracle Net Doc 207272.1 Security Alert #41: Oracle9i Application Server Oracle Java Server Page Demos Vulnerability Doc 207269.1 Security Alert #40: Oracle Net Listener Vulnerabilities Doc 207271.1 Security Alert #39: Oracle9i Application Server - Web Cache Administrator Password Not Encrypted Doc 207268.1 Security Alert #38: Security vulnerability in Oracle Net Doc 206034.1 Security Alert #37: OpenSSL Security Vulnerability Doc 200873.1 Security Alert #36: Security Vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server of Oracle9iAS Doc 198531.1 Security Alert #35: Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Oracle9iAS Reports Doc 198544.1 Security Alert #34: Security Vulnerability in Oracle Net (Oracle9i Database Server) Doc 185074.1 Security Alert #33: User Privileges Vulnerability in Oracle9i Database Server Doc 185073.1 Security Alert #32: Unauthorized Access Vulnerability in the Oracle E-Business Suite Doc 182244.1 Security Alert #31: Oracle Configurator Security Issue: Potential Cross-site Scripting Attacks Doc 183556.1 Security Alert #30: SNMP Vulnerability in Oracle Enterprise Manager, Master_Peer Agent Doc 175429.1 Security Alert #29: ALERT: Oracle PL/SQL extproc in Oracle 9i, Oracle 8i and Oracle8 Database
- 15. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 15 Security Alerts Doc 175428.1 Security Alert #28: Vulnerabilities in Oracle mod_plsql and JSP in Oracle 9iAS V1.0.2.x Doc 169628.1 Security Alert #27: Vulnerabilities in Oracle 9i Application Server Web Cache Doc 168862.1 Security Alert #26: Potential DoS Vulnerability in Oracle9i Application Server Doc 168863.1 Security Alert #25: Vulnerabilities in MODPLSQL No Doc Security Alert #24: Skipped Multiple Doc (Security Alert #23 is split into 3 documents on MetaLink) Doc 167001.1 Security Alert #23: Oracle Home Environment Variable Buffer Overflow Doc 167004.1 Security Alert #23: CHOWN Path Environment Variable Vulnerability Doc 167007.1 Security Alert #23: Oracle Home Environment Variable Validation Vulnerability Doc 166869.1 Security Alert #22: Security Implications of the Oracle9iAS v.1.0.2.2 Default SOAP Configuration Doc 163726.1 Security Alert #21: Oracle Label Security Mandatory Security Patch Doc 163727.1 Security Alert #20: Oracle File Overwrite Security Vulnerability Doc 163728.1 Security Alert #19: Oracle Trace Collection Security Vulnerability Doc 163729.1 Security Alert #18: Oracle9iAS Web Cache Overflow Vulnerability
- 16. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 16 Patches Needed For security alerts – 48, 49, 50, 51, 54 – Review each alert to find needed patch info Need patches – 2376472 (8.1.7.4) – 2642117 (alert 48) 8.1.7.4 required – 2642267 (alert 49) 8.1.7.0 required – 2642439 (alert 50) 8.1.7.0 required – 2620726 (alert 51) 8.1.7.4 required – 2784635 (alert 54) 8.1.7.4 required
- 17. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 17 Patches Needed Create stage directory for each patch Ftp from oracle Patches require patches – To apply some of these security patches You must be at 8.1.7.4 Patch to 8.1.7.4 before applying these patches Note that I had no plan to patch to 8.1.7.4 – One patch leads to other patches…
- 18. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 18 Getting Patches Metalink – Patches – Simple Search Enter specific patch number Specify platform – Download Patch zip file Readme file
- 19. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 19 Getting Patches What is patch number for 8.1.7.4 patch? – Should be simple to find… – Metalink Patches Simple search - Product: Oracle Database Family - Release: 8.1.7 - Patch type: Patchset/Minipack - Platform: Solaris Sparc 32-bit - 24 results – Correct patch? – 2376472 8.1.7.4 Patch set for oracle data server
- 20. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 20 Patching Process What does it take to apply a patch? – Dot release 8.1.7.4 Oracle installer (OUI) – One-off, security patches README shows steps to install patch Example, security patch - Shutdown database, listener - Execute patch.sh supplied as part of patch
- 21. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 21 Patching Process Production – Must backup ORACLE_HOME – Full backup of database – Document the db This will come up later I use dbdoc script, see Managing Multiple Databases… on NoCOUG website – If patch fails Restore ORACLE_HOME from backup
- 22. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 22 Patching Process Development – Full export – Document the db – If patch fails Reinstall Oracle software Import export – However, If practicing prod patching on dev db Should practice the prod db process
- 23. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 23 Fresh Install? Before creating any databases – Install Oracle software – Apply all needed patches – Much quicker – Many post patch steps only apply if database already exists
- 24. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 24 Patch Install Steps Can be simple Can be complex – Example, 8.1.7.4 patch – May require use of Oracle Installer May require use of OUI that is part of the patch – Patch may require certain patch level Example, patch can only be applied to 8.1.7.4 You must review the README file for each patch – Script the steps for each patch
- 25. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 25 Cases 1) OraInventory not in place 2) Installer not in place 3) 64-bit oracle 4) chroot 5) not following instructions
- 26. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 26 Case1 -- OraInventory Existing 8.1.7.0 database Patch to latest security alert – At the time, this was security alert 54 – Downloaded all needed patches 8.1.7.4 – 2642117 (alert 48) – 2642267 (alert 49) – 2642439 (alert 50) – 2620726 (alert 51) – 2784635 (alert 54)
- 27. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 27 Case 1 -- OraInventory Review 8.1.7.4 readme – Existing database – Many post patch tasks – Before applying 8.1.7.4 Backup db Shutdown db Shutdown listener
- 28. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 28 Case 1 -- OraInventory – Script the steps Patch readme file README_8174.html How to install this patch set Steps 6 through 18 - Oracle Label Security - Disabling system triggers - Check JIS - Catalog.sql, catproc.sql - Set 10520 trace - Java objects - Enable system triggers - Recompile invalid objects
- 29. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 29 Case 1 -- OraInventory Start installer – Installer not installed – Find original cpio files from 8.1.7.0 install – Run installer (OUI) from there – Script inputs for installer File locations - Source - Destination - UNIX group name
- 30. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 30 Case 1 -- OraInventory And now? – Dependencies – There are no patches that need to be applied from the patch set Oracle 8i 8.1.7.4.0 Huh? Off to Metalink – Doc ID 115236.1 – OraInventory is missing
- 31. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 31 Case 1 -- OraInventory What is OraInventory? – Documents exactly what was installed – Created as part of software installation – Created by the installer What does it do? – When installing a patch – Installer checks OraInventory – Verifies that patch should be applied Example, 8.1.7.4 patch on 8.1.7.0 Oracle_home
- 32. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 32 Case 1 -- OraInventory Where does it live? – Installer creates in Oracle_base (my experience) What happened here? – oraInventory didn’t exist – Installer couldn’t tell what had been installed – Installer decided it couldn’t install anything No inventory, can’t apply any patches
- 33. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 33 Case 1 -- OraInventory Ok, but what caused this? – To save time, copy existing oracle installation Tar up oracle_home Move to new machine Untar – Lovingly referred to as “Tar&Toss” my manager came up with that – This isn’t supported by Oracle – This saves time initially Wastes time later
- 34. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 34 Case 1 -- OraInventory OK, that’s weird, but what now? How to re-create the inventory? – There is only one way – Reinstall the Oracle software – In this case, a full reinstall of 8.1.7.0 Reinstall will over-write oracle_home – Anything you can’t lose? Tnsnames.ora, password file – Don’t place anything of your own in oracle_home – Document your database before patching
- 35. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 35 Case 1 -- OraInventory How to be sure – Nothing unique in oracle_home? – Can’t be sure – Make backup I had enough disk space – Copy oracle_home to another filesystem Now need to reinstall 8.1.7.0 – Disk space to stage the software?
- 36. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 36 Case 1 -- OraInventory After software reinstalled – Install 8.1.7.4 patch Works this time! – Apply the 5 patches in order – Startup the database – Test application – Everyone is happy! But this took much longer than we planned
- 37. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 37 Case 2 -- Installer Not In Place Applying same patches to another machine – Installer not installed – Base software (8.1.7.0) not on disk – Not enough disk space for software CD image – Have to free up disk space just to Copy the CD image to get the installer on disk – Proceed with the patching process Saves disk space in the short term – Wastes time later
- 38. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 38 Case 3 - 64-bit Oracle Different scenario – No security patches – Simple patch from 8.1.7.0 to 8.1.7.4 No problem – Stage the 8.1.7.4 patch to the db machine – Downtime for patching is almost here – Reviewing dbdoc output Select * from v$version shows Oracle 8i … - 64bit Production
- 39. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 39 Case 3 - 64-bit Oracle 64-bit Oracle? – This is a development db – Production is 32-bit – I assumed dev would be 32-bit – I staged the 32-bit 8.1.7.4 patch 20 minutes to – Download 64-bit patch from Oracle web site – Check README for 64-bit, same as 32-bit – Calm down No one can explain why…
- 40. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 40 Case 4 -- chroot Yet another environment – All set to apply patches – Shutdown database, listener – Start installer Can’t display OUI GUI back to my workstation Chroot – Removes many OS libraries – Have to manually identify which are needed – Copy from another system
- 41. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 41 Case 5 – Complete the Patch User calls – Dev db doesn’t work – Error is ‘blah blah blah’ Metalink – Error seen when patch partially applied Call user – “Did you apply a patch?” – “Yes” – “Did you complete all the post patch steps?” – “Oh, umh, ok, thanks!” – Didn’t hear from the user again
- 42. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 42 Lessons Learned Verify – OraInventory exists If not, enough disk space to backup oracle_home? – Installer is installed If not, disk space for source CDs? – Correct patch(es) 32-bit versus 64-bit – Installer GUI can display to your workstation – Finish all patch install steps Document this
- 43. NoCOUG Brian Hitchcock May 6, 2004 Page 43 Lessons Learned For a new install – Oracle_home not a top level directory – Oracle_base /u01/app/oracle – Oracle_home $ORACLE_BASE/product/<version> – Oracle_home /u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0 – Install the installer A 10 minute patch can become a 5 hour mess Verify things before the scheduled patch time Document all the steps – Takes time the first time – Saves time on all the other servers – Saves time when you have to redo things