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Global positioning system with application of global positioning system in different fields
- 1. TOPIC: G.P.S:- CONCEPT AND ITS APPLICATION CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESMENT (CIA) CC-11 (REMOTE SENSING AND GIS) NAME- SUNNY GUPTA ROLL NO- 19 (PU) SEMESTER- IIl DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, PATNA UNIVERSITY
- 2. CONTENT 1) Introduction 2) History of GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM 3) Components of GPS 4) Application of GPS 5) Disadvantages of GPS 6) Conclusion
- 3. 1) INTRODUCTION ● Global postition system (GPS) is a techniques by which the location of any object, it's velocity, direction and time can be known precisely at any time that is during day and night, whether, the object is on the ground. ● GPS was invented by the united state department of defence .its actual name is NAVSTER(NAVIGATION SYSTEM WITH TIME AND RANGING ). ● This system become full operational in 1994. ● several other countries too have developed regional satellites system. 1. GLONASS BY RUSSIA 2. BEI DOU BY CHINA 3. GALILEO BY EUROPEAN UNION 4. NAVIC BY INDIA 5. QUASI-ZENITH SATELLITES SYSTEM BY JAPAN
- 4. 2) HISTORY OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM – The history of GPS (Global Positioning System) began in the 1960s, when the US Department of Defense started developing a system to provide location information and timing signals to military vehicles and personnel. Here's a brief timeline: 1. 1960s: The US Navy developed the first satellite-based navigation system , called Trasit. – 2. 1970s: The US Department of Defense began developing GPS, with the first satellite launched in 1978. – 3. 1980s: GPS was initially used for military purposes, but its use was later expanded to civilian applications. – 4. 1990s: The first commercial GPS receivers were released, and the system became fully operational in 1995. – 5. 2000s: GPS became widely used in various industries, including aviation, maritime, and automotive.
- 5. 3) COMPONENTS OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM ● The current GPS components consists of three major segments . 1. space segment 2. control segment 3. User segment
- 6. 3.1) Space segment ● The space segment of the system consists of the GPS satellites these space vehicle send radio signals from a space. ● The space segment consist of 24 satellites (now 32) placed in near circular orbit . ● satellites are inclined at 55 degree at the height of 20,200km. ● The period of resolution is 12 hours . ● The additional satellites providing redundant measurements, improve the precision of GPS receiver calculation .
- 7. 3.2) Control segment : ● The control segment on the ground tracks and maintains the satellites in the space. ● control segment formerly consists of 5 tracking stations situated at 1. COLORADO (MAIN STATION) 2. HAWAII 3. ASCENSION ISLAND 4. DIEGO GARCIA 5. KWAJALEIN ● Newly added stations after 2005 are 1. washingDC 2.Ecuador 3. Argentina 4. Bahrain and 5. Argentina
- 8. 3.3) User segments : ● GPS Receiver used by individuals , vehicles , and devices to detect and decode the satellite signals, calculating their own position , velocity , and time . ● The user segment includes 1. GPS RECEIVER (embedded in device ) 2. Antennas
- 9. 4) APPLICATION OF GPS 1.The Global Positioning System (GPS) has a wide range of applications across various fields due to its ability to provide accurate location, velocity, and time data. Here are some key applications: 4.1. Navigation 2.Automobile Navigation: GPS is used in cars for real-time navigation, helping drivers find the quickest routes, avoid traffic, and reach their destinations efficiently. 3.Aviation: Pilots use GPS for route planning, en-route navigation, and precision approaches to airports, enhancing flight safety. 4.Marine Navigation: Ships and boats use GPS for safe navigation, especially in open waters, where other landmarks or navigation aids may not be available.
- 10. • Outdoor Recreation: Hikers, cyclists, and adventurers use GPS devices for tracking routes, marking waypoints, and ensuring they don’t get lost in unfamiliar terrain. • 2. Mapping and Surveying • Geographic Information Systems (GIS): GPS data is crucial for creating and updating maps in GIS, which is used for urban planning, resource management, and environmental monitoring. • Land Surveying: Surveyors use GPS to measure land boundaries, create property maps, and provide data for construction projects with high precision.
- 11. • 3. Agriculture • Precision Farming: GPS enables farmers to apply fertilizers, pesticides, and seeds accurately, reducing waste and increasing crop yields. It’s also used in the automation of farm machinery. • Field Mapping: Farmers use GPS to map their fields for better management, identifying areas that need more attention, such as those with poor soil conditions. • 4. Military • Navigation and Targeting: The military uses GPS for guiding missiles, navigation of troops and vehicles, and coordinating operations in the field. • Search and Rescue: GPS is used in locating and rescuing personnel in combat zones or during training exercises.
- 12. 5) Disaster Management • Emergency Response: GPS helps in locating victims, assessing damage, and coordinating response efforts during natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods. • Evacuation Planning: Authorities use GPS data to plan and execute evacuation routes in emergencies. • 6). Environmental Monitoring • Tracking Wildlife: Researchers use GPS collars to track the movement patterns of animals, which helps in studying their behavior and conserving endangered species. • Weather Forecasting: GPS data can be used to monitor atmospheric conditions, contributing to more accurate weather predictions.
- 13. 7) Transportation and Logistics • Fleet Management: Companies use GPS to track and manage their vehicle fleets, optimizing routes, reducing fuel consumption, and improving delivery times. • Asset Tracking: GPS is used to track the location of valuable assets in transit, preventing theft and ensuring timely delivery. • 8). Recreation and Sports • Geocaching: GPS is central to the treasure-hunting game of geocaching, where participants use GPS coordinates to find hidden objects. • Sports Tracking: Athletes use GPS devices to track their performance, including distance traveled, speed, and location during training or competition.
- 14. 9) Scientific Research Earthquake Monitoring: GPS is used to measure ground movement in earthquake-prone areas, helping in the study of seismic activity and early warning systems. Astronomy: GPS provides precise time signals, which are essential for timing observations and experiments in astronomy.
- 15. 5) DISADVANTAGES OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM 1. signal interference 2. Accuracy issues 3. Battery Dependency 4. Privacy concern 5. Dependency on satellites
- 16. 6) Conclusion • In conclusion, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a transformative technology that has revolutionized various aspects of modern life. From navigation and surveying to military applications and personal use, GPS provides precise location and timing information that is critical in a wide range of industries. Its impact on society is vast, enabling more efficient transportation, enhancing safety, improving communication networks, and even aiding in emergency response. As GPS technology continues to advance and integrate with other systems, it will likely play an even more significant role in shaping the future of global connectivity and automation.