Sentence with it's types & formulas : Grammar

A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense, contains a main verb and
begins with a capital letter.
Sentence is define as a combination of related words that expresses a complete though.
Example:
Sky the blue is
It doesn't expresses complete thought, it is just group of words. Following is sentence
with complete thought.
The sky is blue.
Parts of sentence is 2 kinds:
 Subject
 Predicate
SENTENCE
SENTENCE
SUBJECT PREDICATE

The part of a sentence about which something is being said.
Example:
Ali is clever
Ayesha is cute.
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
The part of a sentence which says something about subject.
Example:
Maria sobs.
Ahmad is eating pizza. PREDICATE
VERB OBJECT

TYPES OF A SENTENCE
There are 2 types of a sentence
 According to Function
 According to Structure

ACCORDING TO FUNCTION
There are 5 types of a sentence according to function:
 Declarative or assertive sentence
 Interrogative sentence
 Imperative sentence
 Exclamatory sentence
 Optative sentence

DECLARATIVE SENTENCE
A sentence which declares or asserts statement is called declarative
sentence. These sentences are all declarative because they state a fact or
idea without asking a question or giving a command.
 It simple announced an idea
 It ends with a full stop.
Example:
He is going to college.
She is watching a movie.
They are paying football.

Declarative sentence can be 2 types :
1. Affirmative: An affirmative sentence is a type of sentence that
states a fact or a positive assertion. It is used to express something
as true or existing.
Like: I have a pen, He goes home. I like it etc.
2. Negative: A negative sentence is a sentence that expresses a
negative idea or denies a statement. It typically includes a negative
word or phrase.
Like: I have no pen. He does not eat rice etc.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
An Interrogative sentence is a type of sentence that asks a question. It is used to
gather information, seek clarification, or initiate a conversation.
• Ends with a question mark (?).
• Often begins with a question word (who, what, where, when, why, how).
• May start with a helping verb (is, are, do, does, did, will, would, can, could, etc.).
Example:
Question word: Who is your favorite superhero?
Helping verb: Are you hungry?

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE
An Imperative sentence is that expresses request, order, advice etc. It is typically used
to instruct, direct, or persuade someone to do something.
• Often begins with a verb.
• Does not contain a subject (you is implied).
• Ends with a period (.) or an exclamation mark (!) for a more forceful command.
Examples:
Command: Open the door.
Request: Please pass me the salt.

OPTATIVE SENTENCE
An Optative sentence is a type of sentence that expresses a wish, desire, or hope. It
often conveys a sense of longing or yearning.
• Often uses the subjunctive mood.
• May include words like "may," "could," "would," or "might.“
• Can be expressed in various forms, including declarative, interrogative, or imperative.
Example:
Go in peace.
May God help you.
Long live the president.

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE
An Exclamatory sentence is a type of sentence that expresses strong emotion,
excitement, or surprise. It is typically used to convey a feeling or exclamation.
• Ends with an exclamation mark (!).
• Often contains an intensifier (very, extremely, incredibly, etc.).
• May use a sentence fragment or an incomplete sentence.
Examples:
Exclamation of joy: Wow, that's amazing!
Exclamation of surprise: Oh no, I can't believe it!
Sentence fragment: Fire!

EXERCISE
Please turn off the lights before leaving.
I am not going to the party tonight.
What a beautiful day it is!
Can you help me with this math problem?
May you have a wonderful day.
I will definitely be there.
Don't forget to bring your umbrella.
How exciting! We won the game!
Are you coming to the beach tomorrow?
I wish I could go on vacation.

RULES WITH FORMULAS
1. Affirmative Sentence Formula:
Subject + Verb (main verb or auxiliary verb) + Object/Complement.
Example: She eats breakfast every day.
2. Negative Sentence Formula:
Subject + Auxiliary Verb + not + Verb + Object/Complement.
Example: She does not eat breakfast every day.
3. Interrogative Sentence Formula:
Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Verb + Object/Complement?
Example: Does she eat breakfast every day?
4. Negative Interrogative Sentence Formula:
Auxiliary Verb + Subject + not + Verb + Object/Complement?
Example: Does she not eat breakfast every day?

5. Tag Question Formula:
Affirmative/Negative Sentence + Tag?
Formula: (Positive statement), Negative tag?
Example: She eats breakfast every day, doesn't she
Formula: (Negative statement), Positive tag?
Example: She doesn’t eat breakfast every day, does she?
6. WH- Question Formula:
Affirmative WH: WH- word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Verb + Object/Complement?
Negative WH : WH- word + auxiliary verb (negative form) + subject + main verb +
object/complement?
Example: What does she eat for breakfast every day?
Who doesn't like pizza?
What didn't she buy?

EXERCISE
1. They like ice cream.
2. We went to the beach yesterday.
3. You don't have a car.
4. I will call you later.
5. Do they like ice cream?
6. What do they like?
7. Didn't we go to the beach yesterday?
8. I will call you later, won't I?

ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE
There are 4 types of sentence according to structure:
 Simple Sentence
 Compound Sentence
 Complex Sentence
 Compound-Complex Sentence

A simple sentence is a sentence that contains only one independent clause
(Main clause).
• [ A main clause is a complete sentence that can stand alone on its own. It
contains a subject and a predicate, and expresses a complete thought. ]
Example:
The dog barked.
I like pizza.
She is reading a book.
SIMPLE SENTENCE

COMPOUND SENTENCE
A Compound sentence contains at least two or more main clause and Co-Ordinator
or semicolon.
To join two independent clauses in a compound sentence, can use:
 A coordinating conjunction: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
 A semicolon
 A semicolon followed by a conjunctive adverb: however, therefore, nevertheless,
otherwise, etc.
Examples:
Coordinating conjunction: I went to the store, and I bought some milk.
Semicolon: The sun was shining; the birds were singing.
Semicolon with conjunctive adverb: The weather was terrible; however, we still went
on the hike.

A coordinator is a word used to join words, phrases, or clauses. They are
essential for creating compound sentences, which are sentences that
combine two or more independent clauses.
Co-Ordinating Conjunctions:
There are & in number:
For , And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
It can be learned in "FAN BOYS"
CO-ORDINATOR

COMPLEX SENTENCE
A complex sentence is a sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one
dependent clause. An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence, while
a dependent clause cannot. The type of sentence that contains one main clause; at least
one or more Sub-Ordinate Clause and Connector. While, Connectors are the words
use to combine main clause and Sub- ordinated clause.
They are also known as Sub-Ordinaters as used to connect Sub ordinate clauses.
Such as: Because, then, although etc.

COMPOUND -COMPLEX SENTENCE
These sentences are the combination of Compound and Complex sentences.
They contain at least two main clauses, one Sub-Ordinate clause, Co-ordinator and
Connecter.
Examples :
Tom cried because the ball hit as I kicked the ball.
She barged in the room and fell over toys because it was dark in the room.

Because it was raining, we decided to stay home.
The cat chased the mouse, and the mouse ran into the hole.
I love to read books, especially science fiction.
Although the weather was bad, we still went on the hike.
The dog barked loudly, and the cat hissed back.
The children played in the park while their parents watched.
I went to the store to buy milk, bread, and eggs.
The movie was boring, so I left early.
The boy who was wearing the red shirt is my friend.
Because it was cold outside, I put on a coat and scarf.
EXERCISE

Sentence with it's types & formulas : Grammar

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Sentence with it's types & formulas : Grammar