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Grand Rapids PHP Meetup: Behavioral Driven Development with Behat

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Ryan Weaver

The document discusses Behavior Driven Development (BDD) utilizing Behat, a testing framework. It emphasizes the importance of aligning features with business value, using a structured language called Gherkin to describe features and scenarios, and executing these scenarios as functional tests. The content also covers installation and configuration of Behat, its integration with Mink for browser automation, and the execution of tests, including those that require JavaScript.

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by your friend: ! Ryan Weaver @weaverryan Behavioral Driven Development with Behat GrPhpDev FTW Meetup
KnpUniversity.com github.com/weaverryan • Lead for the Symfony documentation ! • KnpLabs US - Symfony consulting, training, 
 Kumbaya ! • Writer for KnpUniversity.com screencasts Who is this Hipster? ! ! ! ! ! ! • Husband of the much more talented @leannapelham
Plan, Work, Miscommunicate, Panic, Put out Fires, Repeat! Intro (aka Project Work)
The Typical Project
How the customer explained it http://www.projectcartoon.com
How the project leader understood it http://www.projectcartoon.com
How the programmer wrote it http://www.projectcartoon.com
What the customer really needed http://www.projectcartoon.com
... and my personal favorite
What the beta testers received http://www.projectcartoon.com
Computer Science? https://www.flickr.com/photos/diueine/3604050776
Where it breaks down... womp womp
Different roles, different languages, miscommunication @weaverryan One
@weaverryan Two Your code and business values may not align
I've just dreamt up this cool new feature that we should implement! ! Why? Because it's cool!
@weaverryan Three Over-planning, under-planning, planning...?
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tambako/4175456498 Act 1 ! Getting down with BDD
Evolution of Test-Driven Development @weaverryan
“Behaviour” is a more useful word, than “test” © Dan North, 2003
@weaverryan Evolution of Test-Driven Development ≈ Unit Tests ≈ Functional Tests
@weaverryan Specification BDD http://www.phpspec.net
Scenario-oriented BDD (Story BDD)
@weaverryan Let’s create a single vocabulary and process product owners business analysts project managers developers QA
@weaverryan product owners business analysts project managers developers QA ... for planning, implementing, and testing a feature
@weaverryan product owners business analysts project managers developers QA ... with a focus on the *behavior* of the feature
@weaverryan Solution 1. Define business value for the features
 2. Prioritize features by their business value
 3. Describe them with readable scenarios
 4. And only then - implement them
Act 2 ! Gherkin
A project consists of many features @weaverryan
These need to be planned, written and shared @weaverryan
@weaverryan Gherkin == a structured language to describe a feature
Feature: {custom_title} In order to {A} As a {B} I need to {C} • {A} - the benefit or value of the feature • {B} - the role (or person) who will benefit • {C} - short feature description | The person “writing” this feature - the “I”
@weaverryan Solution 1. Define ! 2. Prioritize ! 3. Describe ! 4. And only then - 1. Define business value for the features
Feature: I18n In order to read news in french As a french user I need to be able to switch locale read news in French @weaverryan
Feature: I18n In order to read news in french As a french user I need to be able to switch locale read news in French The business value @weaverryan
Feature: I18n In order to read news in french As a french user I need to be able to switch locale read news in French The person who benefits + The “author” of this feature @weaverryan
Feature: I18n In order to read news in french As a french user I need to be able to switch locale read news in French Description of the feature, the action the person will take @weaverryan
@weaverryan Solution 1. Define ! 2. Prioritize ! 3. Describe ! 4. And only then - 2. Prioritize features by their business value
Prioritize... 1) Feature: News admin panel ! 2) Feature: I18n ! 3) Feature: News list API
@weaverryan 1. Define ! 2. Prioritize ! 3. Describe ! 4. And only then - Solution 3. Describe them with readable scenarios
Feature: News admin panel In order to maintain a list of news As a site administrator I need to be able to edit news Scenario: Add new article Given I am on the "/admin/news" page When I click "New Article" And I fill in "Title" with "Learned BDD" And I press "Save" Then I should see "A new article was added"
Scenarios Given ! Defines the initial state of the system for the scenario Scenario: Add new article Given I am on the "/admin/news" page When I click "New Article" And I fill in "Title" with "Learned BDD" And I press "Save" Then I should see "A new article was added"
Scenarios When ! Describes the action taken by the person/role Scenario: Add new article Given I am on the "/admin/news" page When I click "New Article" And I fill in "Title" with "Learned BDD" And I press "Save" Then I should see "A new article was added"
Scenarios Then ! Describes the observable system state after the action has been performed Scenario: Add new article Given I am on the "/admin/news" page When I click "New Article" And I fill in "Title" with "Learned BDD" And I press "Save" Then I should see "A new article was added"
Scenarios And/But ! Can be added to create multiple Given/When/Then lines Scenario: Add new article Given I am on the "/admin/news" page When I click "New Article" And I fill in "Title" with "Learned BDD" And I press "Save" Then I should see "A new article was added"
Example #2 Scenario: List available articles Given there are 5 news articles And I am on the "/admin" page When I click "News Administration" Then I should see 5 news articles
Gherkin gives us a consistent language for describing features and their scenarios
... now let’s turn them into tests!
http://bit.ly/behatch-t Act 3
Having a standard way of describing features is cool...
... executing those sentences as functional tests is just *AWESOME*
@weaverryan What is Behat? Behat does one simple thing: ** each line in a scenario is called a “step” Behat “executes” your scenarios, reading each step and calling the function associated with it It Maps Each step** to a PHP Callback
Installing Behat Behat is just a library that can be installed easily in any project via Composer New to Composer? Free screencast cures it! KnpUniversity.com/screencast/composer
In your project directory... 1) Download Composer $> curl -s http://getcomposer.org/installer | php 2) Create (or update) composer.json for Behat bit.ly/behat3-composer!
{ "require": { "behat/behat": "~3.0" } } bit.ly/behat3-composer
In your project directory... 1) Download Composer $> curl -s http://getcomposer.org/installer | php 2) Create (or update) composer.json for Behat http://bit.ly/behat3-composer 3) Download Behat libraries $> php composer.phar update
o/ Woo!
The most important product of the installation is an executable vendor/bin/behat file
Grand Rapids PHP Meetup: Behavioral Driven Development with Behat
@weaverryan To use Behat in a project you need: ! ! 1) Actual *.feature files to be executed
 2) A FeatureContext.php file that holds the PHP callbacks for each step
 3) (optional) A behat.yml configuration file
$> php vendor/bin/behat --init
<?php // features/bootstrap/FeatureContext.php
 
 use BehatBehatContextSnippetAcceptingContext;
 use BehatGherkinNodePyStringNode;
 use BehatGherkinNodeTableNode;
 
 /**
 * Behat context class.
 */
 class FeatureContext implements SnippetAcceptingContext
 {
 }

<?php // features/bootstrap/FeatureContext.php
 
 use BehatBehatContextSnippetAcceptingContext;
 use BehatGherkinNodePyStringNode;
 use BehatGherkinNodeTableNode;
 
 /**
 * Behat context class.
 */
 class FeatureContext implements SnippetAcceptingContext
 {
 }
 Nothing Interesting here yet...
Pretend you’re testing the “ls” program
1) Describe your Feature Feature: ls features/ls.feature In order to see the directory structure As a UNIX user I need to be able to list the current directory's contents
2) Your First Scenario “If you have two files in a directory, and you're running the command - you should see them listed.”
Scenario: List 2 files in a directory Write in the natural voice of “a UNIX user” Given I have a file named "foo" And I have a file named "bar" When I run "ls" Then I should see "foo" in the output And I should see "bar" in the output features/ls.feature
3) Run Behat $> php vendor/bin/behat
Behat tries to find a method in FeatureContext for each step
Matching is done with simple wildcards For each step that doesn’t have a matching method, Behat prints code to copy into FeatureContext
class FeatureContext extends BehatContext { /** @Given I have a file named :file */
 public function iHaveAFileNamed($file)
 {
 throw new PendingException();
 }
 
 /** @When I run :command */
 public function iRun($command)
 {
 throw new PendingException();
 } // ... } 4) Copy in the new Definitions Quoted text maps to a method argument
5) Make the definitions do what they need to
/** * @Given I have a file named :file */ public function iHaveAFileNamed($file) { touch($file); } ! /** * @Given I have a directory named :dir */ public function iHaveADirectoryNamed($dir) { mkdir($dir); }
/** * @When I run :command */ public function iRun($command) { exec($command, $output); $this->output = trim(implode("n", $output)); } ! /** * @Then I should see :string in the output */ public function iShouldSeeInTheOutput($string) { if (strpos($this->output, $string) === false) { throw new Exception(‘Did not see’.$string); ); }
Grand Rapids PHP Meetup: Behavioral Driven Development with Behat
Grand Rapids PHP Meetup: Behavioral Driven Development with Behat
Grand Rapids PHP Meetup: Behavioral Driven Development with Behat
Grand Rapids PHP Meetup: Behavioral Driven Development with Behat
See the full FeatureContext class: ! http://bit.ly/behat-ls-feature
Scenario Step Definition Given I have a file named “foo” pattern public function iHaveAFileNamed($file) { do work Pass/Fail: Each step is a “test”, which passes *unless* an exception is thrown touch($file); @Given I have a file named :file What Behat *does*
Creating files and directories in FeatureContext is nice...
but wouldn’t it be really cool to command a browser, fill out forms and check the output?
Act 4 ! Mink https://www.flickr.com/photos/15016964@N02/5696367600
Mink! http://mink.behat.org/ • A standalone library to use PHP to 
 command a “browser”
 • One easy API that can be used to 
 command Selenium, Goutte, ZombieJS, etc @weaverryan
A sample of Mink
use BehatMinkDriverGoutteDriver; use BehatMinkSession; ! // change *only* this line to run // in Selenium, etc $driver = new GoutteDriver(); $session = new Session($driver);
// visit a page $session->visit('http://behat.org'); echo 'URL : '.$session->getCurrentUrl(); echo 'Status: '.$session->getStatusCode();
$page = $session->getPage(); // drill down into the page $ele = $page->find('css', 'li:nth-child(4) a'); echo 'Link text is: '.$ele->getText(); echo 'href is: '.$ele->getAttribute('href'); // click the link // (you can also fill out forms) $ele->click();
Mink inside FeatureContext => Dangerous Combo for Functional Testing
http://mink.behat.org/@weaverryan Behat Mink Integration MinkExtension • An “Extension” is like a Behat plugin
 • The MinkExtension makes using Mink 
 inside Behat a matter of configuration
@weaverryan Install Mink & MinkExtension $> php composer.phar update • Update composer.json to include > Mink > MinkExtension > Goutte and Selenium2 Drivers for Mink http://bit.ly/behat-mink-composer
 • Update the vendor libraries
{ "require": { "behat/behat": "~3.0", "behat/mink-extension": "~2.0@dev", "behat/mink-goutte-driver": "~1.0", "behat/mink-selenium2-driver": "~1.1" } } http://bit.ly/behat-mink-composer
Goal: ! To easily use Mink inside FeatureContext
@weaverryan Bootstrap MinkExtension behat.yml is the Behat configuration file and can contain much more than you see here # behat.yml
 default:
 extensions:
 BehatMinkExtension:
 goutte: ~
 selenium2: ~
 # The base URL you're testing
 base_url: http://en.wikipedia.org/ http://bit.ly/behat-yml
@weaverryan Extend MinkContext use BehatMinkExtensionContextRawMinkContext;
 
 /**
 * Behat context class.
 */
 class FeatureContext extends RawMinkContext Extending RawMinkContext gives us...
Access to a Mink Session class FeatureContext extends RawMinkContext { public function doSomething() { $session = $this->getSession(); $session->visit('http://behat.org'); } ! // ... } Our custom definitions can now command a browser!
@weaverryan More! Add MinkContext # behat.yml
 default:
 extensions: # ... suites:
 default:
 contexts:
 - FeatureContext
 - BehatMinkExtensionContextMinkContext
 Behat now parses definitions from *our* class *and* this MinkContext class
We inherit a pile of great definitions the -dl option prints all current definitions Before adding MinkContext:
After adding MinkContext:
In other words: We can write some tests for our app without writing any PHP code
Suppose we’re testing Wikipedia.org
# features/wikipedia.feature Feature: Search In order to see a word definition As a website user I need to be able to search for a word These 4 definitions all come packaged with MinkContext Scenario: Searching for a page that does exist Given I am on "/wiki/Main_Page" When I fill in "search" with "Behavior Driven Development" And I press "searchButton" Then I should see "agile software development"
Celebration!
Act 5 ! JavaScript https://www.flickr.com/photos/yoanngd/10669976224
Let’s try another scenario ! Auto-Completion!
Grand Rapids PHP Meetup: Behavioral Driven Development with Behat
# features/wikipedia.feature Scenario: Searching for a page with autocompletion Given I am on "/wiki/Main_Page" When I fill in "search" with "Behavior Driv" Then I should see "Behavior Driven Development"
Grand Rapids PHP Meetup: Behavioral Driven Development with Behat
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scream
Can we run this so that JavaScript works?
Add @javascript # ... ! @javascript Scenario: Searching for a page with autocompletion Given I am on "/wiki/Main_Page" When I fill in "search" with "Behavior Driv" Then I should see "Behavior Driven Development” ! ! !
Add @javascript # ... ! @javascript Scenario: Searching for a page with autocompletion Given I am on "/wiki/Main_Page" When I fill in "search" with "Behavior Driv" Then I should see "Behavior Driven Development” ! ! ! Yep, that’s all you do!
Download and start Selenium $> wget http://selenium- release.storage.googleapis.com/2.42/selenium- server-standalone-2.42.2.jar ! ! $> java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.42.2.jar
Re-run the tests
Yes, add only 1 line of code to run a test in Selenium
(you can also use phantomjs)
Your Turn! https://www.flickr.com/photos/dtelegraph/5907116936
0) Decide Behat 2 or 3 * Behat 3 is stable, and documentation
 is decent (install + config are the big
 differences) ! * Behat 2 is stable, long-term supported and not too different from 3
1) Install Behat (v2) http://knpuniversity.com/screencast/behat
... and learn more about what you can do with Mink: http://mink.behat.org/ 2) Write features for your app!
3) high-five your teammates https://www.flickr.com/photos/nickwebb/3904325807
GrPhpDev FTW Meetup Thanks! Ryan Weaver @weaverryan KnpUniversity.com PHP, Behat, Twig, OO, etc Tutorial Screencasts
Ryan Weaver @weaverryan ... and we love west MI!
@weaverryan KnpUniversity.com

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