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- 1. GREEN BUILDINGS VIJAY VIGNESHA M.E CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT COIMBATORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
- 2. WHAT IS GLOBALWARMING ?? It is the increase in earth’s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may results from greenhouse effects.
- 3. INCREASED TEMPERATURE RISINGSEA LEVEL CLIMATE CHANGE HURRICANES & FLOODS CONTAMINATION OF FRESH WATER
- 4. What is GlobalWarming has to do with Civil Engineer ?? • 50% of global warming is the outcome of built environment. • Majority of existing buildings have low concern with energy conservation. • CO2 emissions from 1 ton of concrete produced vary between 0.05 to 0.13 tons. 95% of all concrete is from cement manufacturing. • In India, Building industry is producing second largest amount of demolition waste and GHG (40%). • Resources such as forest, water and energy are depleted to construct and operate buildings. CLIMATE CHANGE Climate is changing fast globally because of increased energy consumption and thus increase Green house gases (GHG) like CO2 which leads to global warming. The World produces about 0.6 tons / year / per capita CO2. India is 5th largest producing GHG.
- 5. • ENERGY CONSUMPTIONPATTERNS THE WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO SHOWS THAT BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION CONSUMES THE MAJOR SHARE OF THE GLOBAL ENERGY
- 6. • The bottomline: WHAT WILL BE THE SOLUTION THEN… GREEN BUILDING
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- 8. GREEN BUILDING Greenbuilding ( also known as green construction or sustainable building) expands and complements the building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier space for occupants as compared to conventional buildings. The ‘GREEN BUILDING’ concept is gaining importance in various countries, including India. These are buildings that ensure waste is minimized at every stage during the construction and operation of the building, resulting in low costs, according to experts intechnology.
- 10. Typical Layout OfGreen Building
- 11. Objectives of GreenBuilding • The aim of green building design is to minimize resources, maximize the reuse, recycling and utilization of renewable resources. • It maximizes the reuse, recycling, and utilization of renewable resources. • It maximizes the use of efficient building material and construction practices, optimizes the use of onsite resources and use of renewable sources of energy, use efficient waste management practices and provide comfortable and hygienic indoor working conditions.
- 12. (Continued)… • Low Impact •Minimize impact on natural environment • Energy Efficient • Reduced Energy usage and Water usage • Healthy • Protect occupant health and increase productivity • Minimize waste • Designed and constructed in a manner that minimizes waste, pollution, and environmental degradation
- 13. Energy Efficient GreenBuilding
- 14. Fundamental principles • Structuredesign efficiency • Energy efficiency • Water efficiency • Materials efficiency • Indoor environment quality
- 15. Structural Efficiency • Itsmain intensions is to minimize the total environment impact associated with all life- cycles. • It has the largest impact on cost and performance of building.
- 16. Energy Efficiency • Thestrategy is to reduce the operating energy use. • Renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power and biomass can significantly reduce the environmental impact of a building.
- 19. Water Efficiency • Reducingwater consumption and protecting water quality is the key objectives of sustainable building. • The use of non-sewage and greywater for on-site use such as site-irrigation will minimize demands on the local aquifer.
- 21. Materials Efficiency • Buildingsmaterials should be renewable materials, recycle and friendly to the environment. • Examples are lumber from forest, renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw and other products that are non-toxic, reusable, etc.
- 23. Materials Used InGreen Buildings BAMBOO GREEN CONCRETE AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE GLASS FLY ASH WOOL BRICK WOOD FIBRE BOARDS
- 24. BAMBOO It is termedas wood which is hard at outer surface and soft inside. Bamboo as a building material in the bamboo architecture is using for several constructions. Bamboo houses This way of construction offers the following advantages: • Prefabrication, simple replacement of structural parts, simple assembly. • The bamboo elements can be easily dismantled and reused. • This will offers high elasticity and low mass. This is the reason, why this houses are secure from an earthquake. Roofing The simplest roof covering is formed by bamboo shingles which are as long as the rafters. They are held in position by their own weight. 00
- 26. GREEN CONCRETE Green concreteis a eco-friendly concrete. Concrete that made with concrete waste and uses less in energy in its production & produces less carbon dioxide than normal concrete is called green concrete. Importance: • The environmental impact of concrete indicates air & water pollution and CO2 emissions which leads to green house gases. • Every 1 ton of cement produces 0.9 tons of CO2. Green benefits: Consumes less energy Good thermal and fire resistant Minimize the destruction of natural resources
- 27. AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE Itis also known as autoclaved cellular concrete or autoclaved lightweight concrete. Its products are in the form of blocks, wall panels, floor & roof panels and lintels. Green benefits : Reduces CO2 emissions Low environmental impact Excellent thermal efficiency Minimize the generation of solid waste
- 29. GLASS Glass is aindispensable material for green building. It is transparent material which allows daylight into the interiors. Glass is completely recyclable and non-toxic in nature. Green benefits: Day lighting Recyclability Achieving energy efficiency Innovative application Controls noise Blending interiors with exteriors (views)
- 32. FLY ASH Fly ashis an excellent resource material for construction industry. It helps to conserve natural resources like clay, limestone required for making cement- thus saving environment. Road and Embankment works : Core fill material for rail/road embankment constructions As reinforced fill material Sub base / base course of flexible pavements Construction of semi rigid / rigid pavements Manufacture of Building brick The compressive strength of fly ash bricks increased with increasing the amount of fly ash as additive. Use of fly ash as a raw material for the production of building bricks is not only a viable alternative to clay but also a solution to a difficult and expensive waste disposal problem.
- 34. If flyash bricks can replace 50% of clay bricks then it will reduce emissions of green house gas by 435000 tons each year. Fly ash concrete i. Concrete Workability • Fly ash produces more cementitious paste which contributes roughly 30% more volume of cementitious material per pound versus cement. • Fly ash reduces the amount of water ( 2% - 10%) needed to produce a given slump. ii. Offers higher durability because of less permeability
- 35. WOOL BRICK • Obtainedby adding wool and a natural polymer (alginate) found in seaweed to the clay of the brick. • 37% Stronger than other bricks. Green benefits: These kinds of bricks can be manufactured without firing, which contributes to energy savings. Best alternative to conventional building materials such as earthen bricks and concrete blocks. Zero carbon product Resistant to cold and wet climates
- 37. WOOD FIBRE BOARDS •Rigid insulation boards made from wood chippings and by- product of sawmills. • Softwood chippings are pulped and mixed with water mechanically (20mm thick) • Used for roof constructions, flooring board . Green benefits: Manufactured from renewable resources Good acoustics No health risk Reusable , recyclable and 100% compostable
- 39. Green Building RatingSystems • The objective of green building rating systems is to evaluate the performance of green buildings. The performance of the building is evaluated based on following parameters • Site planning • Building envelope design • Building system design • Planning designing, construction and operation.
- 40. Green Building RatingSystems In INDIA • LEED INDIA: An Indian adaptation of LEED USA, by Indian green building council • TERI- GRIHA: • A National Rating System for Green Buildings developed by MNRE in association with TERI.
- 41. IGBC GREEN Buildings •The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) provides LEED ratings to structures in India • Each rating system divided into different level of certification is as follows: • ‘Certified’ to recognize best practices. • ‘Silver’ to recognize outstanding performances. • ‘Gold’ to recognize national excellence. • ‘Platinum’ to recognize global leadership.
- 42. Different Levels OfGreen Building Certification The various levels of rating awarded are; ‘ certified’ to recognize best practices • (30-36 Pts) ‘Silver’ to recognize outstanding performance • (37- 44 Pts) ‘gold’ to recognize national excellence • ( 45- 55 Pts) ‘platinum’ to recognize global leadership • (56-75 Pts)
- 44. Teri – Griha TERIGRIHA HAS 100 POINT SYSTEM • The minimum points required for certification is 50. Building scoring • 50-60 points- one star • 61-70- two stars • 71- 80 -three stars • 81-90 -four stars • 91- 100 Five stars
- 45. GREEN BUILDING FEATURES Itprovides physical description of the features, the green components they include and the criteria for their design. BUILDING SITE BUILDING LAYOUT BUILDING ENVELOPE EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENT
- 46. BUILDING SITE Sites whichare located in developed regions of cities and towns (covered by master plan) and connected by public transport constitutes a green building site. Sites which have amenities and facilities like playground, school, hospital, banks etc. within walking distances are green.
- 47. BUILDING LAYOUT 1. SITEFEATURES: It should follows the natural vegetation, provides native vegetation and imprints minimum development footprint on it. 2. ORIENTATION:
- 49. 3. BUFFER SPACES: Suchas courtyards, balconies, verandahs provide shade and catch winds. The also provide cool air and adequate daylight.
- 50. BUILDING ENVELOPE: 1. WALLS Wallsare the largest area of the envelope exposed to the outside. The heat gained by wall depends on the area of the surface, thermal transmittance of material and the temperature difference between the outside and inside. The resistance of heat can be increased by • The thickness of the wall may be increased. • Light colored distemper may be applied on the exposed side of the wall. • Cavity wall construction as with rat trap bond may be adopted.
- 51. 2. ROOF: The roofreceives significant amount of solar radiation. Recommended best green practices include: Insulating materials applied externally or internally to the roofs Cultivating roof gardens Movable covers of suitable heat insulating material. 3. FENESTRATION: It is serves to provide heat gain, day- lighting and ventilation. It hot climates Minimum heat gain through fenestration is desired. Ample day lighting is required to reduce lighting energy consumption in buildings. Adequate ventilation can let in fresh air and exhaust hot room air, resulting in cooling. The performance of fenestration depends on • Design of openings (size, shape, orientation) • Selection of glass • Design of shading devices (chajja, fins)
- 53. Window jalis areparticularly suitable in hot climates keeping interior cool, as it prevents the entry of direct solar radiation.
- 54. EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENT :It includes Vegetation includes tress, hedges, plants, creepers, vines and lawns around buildings. Pathways and paving Road and Parking Other areas: Entrance porch, terrace development Pathways paved with pieces of stones or tiles to makes the ground more pervious and green thus increasing water percolation and vegetation. Road and parking on the site to be minimal. It should be underneath trees, or buildings.
- 56. Green Building InIndia • Suzlon Energy Limited (SEL),Pune Suzlon Energy Limited (SEL), India’s largest wind turbine manufacturer, received LEED Platinum award for their new corporate headquarters in Pune, Maharashtra, India. • Biodiversity Conservation India Ltd (BCIL) - Bangalore BCIL's homes in Whitefield, Bangalore has been certified as the first residential apartment in the world to be rated ‘Platinum’ underLEED. • Olympia Technology Park - Chennai • The world’s largest LEED ‘Gold’ rated green building.. Built on an area of 1.8 million sq. ft., this futuristic masterpiece features three mighty towers on 8.4 acre greenery
- 57. Biodiversity Conservation IndiaLtd (BCIL) Bangalore LEED Platinum
- 58. Olympia Technology Park– Chennai (LEED ‘Gold’)
- 59. Suzlon Energy Limited(SEL),Pune LEED Platinum
- 60. • Rajiv GandhiInternational Airport - Hyderabad • India’s first Greenfield airport is undeniably among the top 10 green buildings in India and the first airport in Asia to be awarded the LEED ‘Silver’ rating certification by US Green Building Council. Featuring 100,005 sq. m. of glass encased terminal, this green building ensures optimal use of natural light and minimal wastage of electricity or energy consumption.
- 61. Benefits of GreenBuildings Tangible Benefits • Energy Savings : 20 - 30 % • Water Savings : 30 - 50% Intangible Benefits • Enhanced air quality, • Excellent day lighting, • Health & wellbeing of the occupants, • Conservation of scarce national resources • Enhance marketability for the project.
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