Green cloud computing

“Cloud Computing is a paradigm
in which information is
permanently stored in servers
on the internet and cached
temporarily on clients that
include desktops, entertainment
centers, table computers,
notebooks, wall computers,
hand-helds, sensors, monitors,
etc.”
- 2008 IEEE paper
8/30/20133

3 Main Types or Personalities
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): A wide range of application
services delivered via various business models normally
available as public offering
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Application development
platforms provides authoring and runtime environment
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): Also known as elastic
compute clouds, enable virtual hardware for various uses
8/30/20134

IaaS
Cloud Programming Environment and Tools:
Web 2.0, Mashups, Concurrent and Distributed
Programming, Workflow
Cloud Hosting Platforms: QoS Negotiation
Admission Control, Pricing, SLA Management,
Monitoring
Cloud Physical Resources: Storage, virtualized
clusters, servers, network.
Scientific Computing, Enterprise ISV, Social
Networking, Gaming
Amazon EC2, GoGrid, RightScale,
Jovent
Animoto, Sales Force, Google
Document
User Applications
User-level and
infrastructure level
Platform
Google AppEngine, MapReduce,
Aneka, Microsoft Azure
Infrastructure
SaaS
PaaS
CloudEconomy
8/30/20135

Elastic
Market
Oriented
(Pay As
You Go)
Virtualized
Service
Oriented
Dynamic
&
Distributed
Shared
(Economy of
Scale)
Cloud
Computing
• Gartner Report 2007: IT industry
contributes 2% of world's total CO2
emissions
• U.S. EPA Report 2007: 1.5% of total
U.S. power consumption used by
data centers which has more than
doubled since 2000 and costs $4.5
billion
Dark sideBenefits
8/30/20136

Computer Rm. AC 34%
Server/Storage 50%
Conversion 7%
Network 7%
Lighting 2%
Source: APC
Compute resources and
particularly servers are at
the heart of a complex,
evolving system!
Where Does the Power Go?
Power Consumption in the Datacenter
8/30/20137

Clouds Impact on the
Environment
 Data centers are not only expensive to
maintain, but also unfriendly to the
environment.
 Carbon emission due to Data Centers worldwide is
now more than both Argentina and the Netherlands
emission.
 High energy costs and huge carbon footprints are
incurred due to the massive amount of electricity
needed to power and cool the numerous servers
hosted in these data centers.
8/30/20138

Green Cloud: “performance” 
“energy efficiency”
 As energy costs are
increasing, there is a need to
shift focus from optimising data
center resource management for
pure performance alone to
optimising for energy efficiency
while maintaining high service
level performance.
 We propose Green Cloud
computing model that achieves
not only efficient processing and
utilisation of computing
infrastructure, but also minimise
energy consumption.
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Green Cloud Computing
Architecture
8/30/201310

Public Cloud B
Private
Cloud
End User
Carbon Emission
Directory
Public Cloud A
a) Request
a cloud
service
d) Allocate
service
e) Request
service
allocation
c) Request
energy
efficiency
information
Green Offer
Directory
b) Request
any green
offerRouters
Internet
Green Broker
8/30/201311

Green Offer and Carbon Emission
Directory
 Carbon Emission Directory
 Contains data on Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE), cooling efficiency, carbon footprint,
network cost
 Helps user to select cloud services with
minimum carbon footprint
 Require more carbon transparency from
providers
 Government role by enforcing policies such
as Carbon Tax
 Green Offer Directory
 Incentive for users
 Choosing more carbon efficient hours
 Lists services with their discounted prices and
green hours
Power Usage Effectiveness(PUE)
8/30/201312

UCAD Data Center
Campus Wide Backbone
Area occupied : - 60 square meters
Operates 24 hours a day
Servers : - 500 watts each
Green Data Center approach : - Racks
Cloud Computing involves : -
1. Workload Diversification
2. Power management flexibility
Low Power Processors in data centers : -
Microsoft
Earth Rangers
Case Study of Senegal
13
Rack Design
Horizontal Approach : - “Rack” Design
Peak Daily Energy : - 23 KW
Normal Daily Usage : - 6.8 KW
Cloud Scheme : - Two Full Racks
completely powered for 24/7
Area Required : - 1240 sq. feet
Solar PV Array
8/30/2013

Data Centers:
As of 2007, 14% of all ICT emission is caused by Data Centers
Roughly 50% of the emission due to data centers is due to
power system losses and cooling loads
Rapid Growth in use of IPTV, VOIP, enterprise IT
Use of both Corporate and Internet Data Centers.
Indian Scenario
8/30/201314

Conclusions
 Clouds are essentially Data Centres hosting application services
offered on a subscription basis. However, they consume high energy
to maintain their operations.
  high operational cost + environmental impact
 Presented a Carbon Aware Green Cloud Framework to improve the
carbon footprint of Cloud computing
 Open Issues:
Lots of research to be carried out
Maximizing Efficiency of Green Data Centers
Developing Regions to benefit the most
8/30/201315

References
 Keynote Paper
• Green Cloud Computing and Environmental Sustainability
- Saurabh Kumar Garg and Rajkumar Buyya.
 Green Cloud Computing : Balancing Energy in Processing,
Storage, and Transport By Jayant Baliga, Robert W. A. Ayre, Kerry
Hinton, and Rodney S. Tucker
 An Intelligent Cloud Computing Architecture Supporting e-
Governance by Rajkumar Sharma and Priyesh Kanungo
 PUE: The Green Grid metric for evaluating the energy efficiency
in DC (Data Center). Measurement method using the Power
Demand by Enrique laureguialzo
8/30/201316

Green cloud computing

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