Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Array with MPPT Matlab Simulation

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume: 3 | Issue: 4 | May-Jun 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23832 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 484
Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic
Array with MPPT Matlab Simulation
Payal Ganvir1, Radharaman Shaha2
1PG Student, 2Assistant Professor
1,2Department of Electrical Engineering, Tulsiramji Gaikwad Patil College of Engineering and Technology,
1,2Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
How to cite this paper Payal Ganvir |
Radharaman Shaha "Grid Connected
Solar Photovoltaic Array with MPPT
Matlab Simulation" Published in
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research
and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-3 |
Issue-4, June 2019,
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International Journal of Trend in
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ABSTRACT
Now-a-days, due to the problem of generation of electricity and consumption
required is not sufficient so, solargeneration systemis essential.Nowadays,with
generates electricity to match the required demand. So this paper is important.
Here using, 1 Soltech 1STH-215-P solar panel in SIMULINK. In this paper we are
control the renewable energy based solar photovoltaic system using MATLAB.
The grid connected MATLAB model is studied under solar radiation and
changing weather condition. In this we generateexcess amountof electricityand
send to the utility grid. Here we used MPPT technique which is implemented in
DC-DC step up converter to permit P-V moduleto givepowerat maximumpower
point. The output of this converter is given to the 3-level inverter and it
synchronized the utility grid.
Keywords: Solar Energy; Solar Photovoltaic Array System; Maximum Power Point
Tracking Technique; Voltage Source Converter; DC-DC boost converter ;Grid
1. INTRODUCTION
Due to the growing demand on electricity the limited stock and rising prices of
conventional sources (such as coal and petroleum etc) photovoltaic (PV) energy
becomes a alternative it isomnipresentfreelyavailableenvironmentfriendly, less
operational and maintenance cost. Thus the demand of PV generationsystem has
to be increased for standalone and grid connected modes of PV system. Tracking
is the maximum power point of a photo-voltaic array is usually an essential part
of the PV system.
Therefore an efficient maximum power point tracking
technique is expected to track the MPP at all environmental
condition and then force the PV system to operate at the
MPP point. MPPT is an essential component of a PV system.
Solar photovoltaic system are one of the fastest growing
renewable energy generation system. The energy generated
from PV system is depend on environmental factors such as
solar irradiation, cloud coverage, wavelength, reflection and
ambient temperature. These factors can negativelyaffectthe
PV cell conversion efficiency. PV energy system has some
advantage such as pollution free, abundant availability, less
maintenance. In solar photovoltaic system the optimum
efficiency (which is 7-16%) second inverter efficiency (90-
97%) and the efficiency of MPPT algorithm (over 98%). In
photovoltaic system integrated to grid, the grid inverter is
three inverter in this paper it is an important component
which invert dc power which is obtain from the P-V system
array alternating power to synchronized voltage and
frequency of connected utility grid. In this paper the major
component are photovoltaic plant, consist of P-
V array, MPPT unit, three level inverter, step-up converter
and utility grid.
The function of PV array is to convert the solar irradiation
which is comes from solar energy into dc power. The MPPT
algorithm is also connected to the PV array which allow PV
array P-V array to produce maximum power. The
unidirectional power is obtained and then changed into ac
power with the help of three level inverter and then this ac
power is filter through LC filter and fed to utility grid .A
boost converter is also to provide link between MPPT and
inverter for boost purpose. Inordertomatchinverteroutput
current with the grid voltage and reduce the total harmonic
distortion. The voltage source converter is used in this
paper.
2. PROBLEM REVIEW
Figure1shows characteristics of power curve for a PV array.
The problem Figure 1 shows the characteristic power curve
for a PV array. The problem considered by MPPT techniques
is to automatically find the voltage Vmpp or current Impp at
which a PV array should operate to obtain the maximum
power output Pmpp under a given temperature and
irradiance.
IJTSRD23832

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Figure1. Characteristics of PV array power curve.
3. MPPT TECHNIQUE
There are different methods to track down the maximum
power point, a few of which are listed below.
a. Perturb and Observe method
b. Incremental Conductance method
c. Parasitic Capacitance method
d. Constant Voltage method
e. Constant Current method
A. Perturb and Observe method:-
Perturb and Observe is the most regularly utilized MPPT
strategy because of its simplicity of execution. The working
voltage is expanded the length of (dP/dV) is sure, i.e. the
voltage is expanded the length of we get more power. On the
off chance that (dP/dV) is detected negative, the working
voltage is diminished. The voltage is kept put if (dP/dV) is
close to zero inside of a preset band. The time multifaceted
nature of this calculation is less however on coming to near
to the MPP it doesn't stop at the MPP and continues
annoying. This calculation is not suitable when thevariety in
the sun oriented illumination is high. The voltage never
really achieves a careful esteem yet annoys around the most
extreme force point (MPP).
b. Incremental Conductance Method:-
In this strategy the PV exhibit's incremental conductance
dI/dV to figure the indication of dP/dV. At the point when
dI/dV is equivalent and inverse to the estimation of dP/dV
(where dP/dV=0) the calculation demonstrates that the
greatest force point is come to and it is ended and gives back
the comparing benefit of working voltage for MPP. This
strategy tracks quickly changing illumination conditions
more precisely than P&O.
P = V*I
Differentiating w. r. t. voltage
When maximum power point is reached = 0. Hence,
c. parasitic capacitance Method :-
This method is an improved version of the incremental
conductance method, with the improvement being that the
effect of the PV cell's parasitic union capacitance.
d. Constant Voltage Method :-
This strategy is not broadly utilized as the misfortunes amid
operation is subject to the connection between the open
circuit voltage and the greatest influence point voltage.
The proportion of these two voltages is for the most part
consistent for a sun oriented cell, generally around 0.76.
Consequently the open circuit voltageis acquiredtentatively
and the working voltage is acclimated to just 76%.
e. Constant Current Method
It is like the consistent voltage technique, this strategy is
subject to the connection between the open circuit current
and the most extreme force point current. The proportion of
these two streams is by and large consistent for a sun based
cell, generally around 0.95. In this manner the short out
current is acquired tentatively and the working current is
acclimated to 95%.
4. MODEL OF P-V CELL
A simple ideal equivalent circuit model for cell obtain bythe
parallel combination of an ideal current source and real
diode is shown in below.
Figure2. Fundamental circuit representation of solar cell
Where:
I: Current of solar cell (A)
Isc: Short circuit current(with assuming no series/shunt
resistance)
ID: Saturation current of diode (A)
q : Electron charge (1.6*10-19C)
k : Boltzmann constant (1.38064*10-23J/Kelvin)
T : Temperature in Kelvin (K)
V : Output voltage of solar cell (V)
Rs : Series resistance of solar cell(Ω)
Rsh : Shunt resistance of solar cell (Ω)
5. BOOST/STEP-UP CONVERTER (DC TO DC)
Boost converter gives a dc output voltagewhich is morethan
the applied dc input voltage, filter which consisting of
inductor and capacitor, is utilized to decrease ripple in dc
output voltage and dc output current respectively and is
connected at output terminal of theconverter.Theoperating
principle step-up/boost converter consist two different
states of operation. When switch is on that is switch is close,
result an increase in current. When switch is off that is open,
result in reducing in inductor current.

Figure3. Circuit representation of Boost /step up
Converter
Output voltage of dc-dc step up converter is given by,
Where,
Vo = DC Output voltage of converter.
Vs = DC Input voltage of converter.
D= Duty ratio.
Hence, by varying duty ratio we can obtain constant voltage
at maximumpower with the help of MPP technique.
6. CONTROLLER
It is consisting of two controller which is power controller
and current controller. Power controller senses the grid
voltage and current and provides the corresponding grid
active and reactive power as per requirement of the circuit.
Power controller also sense three level inverter output
voltages and current and provide the active and reactive
power respectively. The main purpose of current controller
is to provide triggering pulse according to reference values.
7. PV CHARACTERISTIC
PV1 is a subsystem when double click on it subsystem mask
will open. In this we can change the value of short circuit
current, open circuit voltage current at Pmax voltage at
Pmax. In the first PV module (1) block actual P-V, I-V
characteristic system is constructed. This output Vpv and
Ppv is given at output.
Figure4. PV CHARACTERISTIC
To view circuit inside in this block right click on the block
select mask and look under mask. Now circuit inside the
block will be displayed.
When double click on the PV module(1) block inside the
circuit will display.
8. PV Array
Implement PV array modules
The PV Array block is a five parameter modelusingacurrent
source IL (light-generated current), diode (I0 and nI
parameters), series resistance Rs, and shunt resistance Rsh
to represent the irradiance- and temperature-dependentI-V
characteristics of the module.
Figure5. SIMULINK Model of Solar Cell with MPPT and
Boost Converter
Input Parameter: Temperature in deg celcius =25
Incident Solar Radiation in Watt per meter square=1000
Circuit parameter: R1=1ohm
C=0.002F
Inductance L= 0.01H
Load resistance R=1 ohm
Figure6 . Power Output of the PV module
Figure 7. Voltage output of the PV module

Figure8. Output of DC to DC Converter
Figure9. SIMULINK model of Solar Cell with MPPT and
Boost Converter connected to grid
Figure10.Voltage Output waveform
Figure11.Output of DC to DC converter
Figure12.Output of Grid for single phase
Figure13. Output of grid for three phase
9. CONCLUSION:
The P-V, I-V characteristic is shown above. The model
explains solar P-V cell is the effect of physical environmental
condition based on solar radiation and celltemperature.The
voltage source controller is used to synchronize P-V cell
plant, step-up converter and inverter with utility grid. The
model is used a tool to forecast the nature of grid connected
P-V plant under solar radiation and temperature change. The
various waveforms were obtained by using the plot
mechanism in MATLAB. There is a small loss of power from
the solar panel side to the boost converter output side. This
can attributed to the switching losses and the losses in the
inductor and capacitor of the boost converter.
REFERENCES
[1] J. Dadkhah , M. Niroomand, “ Real-Time MPPT
Optimization of PV Systems by Means of DCD-RLSBased
Identification” Member IEEE, Department of Electrical
Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
mehdi_niroomand@eng.ui.ac.ir 2018.
[2] Mashood Nasir, Student Member IEEE, Hassan Abbas
Khan, Member IEEE, Arif Hussain, Laeeq Mateen and
Nauman Ahmad Zaffar, Member IEEE, “Solar PV-based
Scalable DC Microgrid for Rural Electrification in
Developing Regions,”2017.
[3] Morcos Metry Student Member,IEEERenewableEnergy
& Advanced Power Electronics Research Laboratory
Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843, USA
morcos.m.metry@ieee.org, “MPPT of Photovoltaic
Systems Using Sensorless Current-Based Model
Predictive Control,”2016.
[4] Ramdan B. A. Koad, Ahmed F. Zobaa, Senior Member,
IEEE and Adel El-Shahat, Member, IEEE, “A Novel MPPT
Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimisation for
Photovoltaic Systems,”2016.

[5] Mohammad B. Shadmand, Student Member, IEEE,
Robert S. Balog, SeniorMember, IEEE,andHaithamAbu-
Rub, Senior Member, IEEE, “Model Predictive Control of
PV Sources in a Smart DC Distribution System:
Maximum Power Point Tracking and Droop
Control,”2014.
[6] Bidyadhar Subudhi, Senior Member, IEEE, and
Raseswari Pradhan, “A ComparativeStudyon Maximum
Power PointTrackingTechniquesforPhotovoltaic
Power Systems,”2013.
[7] Trishan Esram, Student Member, IEEE, and Patrick L.
Chapman, Senior Member, IEEE,“ Comparison of
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Techniques,”2007.

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