Haemodialysis

Haemodialysis

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  HAEMODIALYSIS M. KARTHIKA Asst Professor, Deptof Physics, Bon Secours College for Women , Thanjavur Dt.
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  A medical procedureto remove fluid and waste products from the blood and to correct electrolyte imbalances.  This is accomplished using a machine and a dialyzer, also referred to as an "artificial kidney." Hemodialysis is used to treat both acute (temporary) and chronic (permanent) kidney failure.
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  WHEN WE NEEDDIALYSIS? • FULLY DAMAGED • NEED KIDNEY TRANSPLANT CHRONIC • DISEASE • ACCIDENT ACUTE
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  TYPES OF DIALYSIS PERITIONATEDIALYSIS HAEMODIALYSIS
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  The kidneys area perfect filter which perform the function of removal of waste products through the urine. BASICS OF KIDNEY FUNCTION
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  FUNCTION OF THENORMAL KIDNEY BEAN SHAPED 12 CM LONG; 150G WEIGHT MILLIONS OF NEPRONS GLOMERULUS & TUBULE PLASMA ----- GLOMERULLI ------ CAPILLARY LOOP (PASSIVE PROCESS) 60 TIMES PER DAY – URINE OUTPUT- ACTIVE PROCESS ENERGY REQUIRED FOR ACTIVE PROCESS
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  CONCENTRATION OF ELECTROLYTES ELECTROLYTESCONCENTRATION mmol SODIUM 132-142 CHLORIDE 100 BICARBONATE 25 POTASSIUM 3.9-5.0 CALCIUM 2.5
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  Sometimes, when thekidneys get infected and do not function properly, the person starts suffering which can lead to his/her death. Such people are put on to artificial kidneys, also known as dialyser.  Dialyser is a machine that filters the blood of harmful substances. Blood from a blood vessel is drawn into the dialyser and then purified to be fed into another blood vessel of the body. Such people have to be dialysed after every 2-3 days. Damaged kidneys are also replaced either from a donor or a dead person. DIALYSER?????
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  HISTORY OF DIALYSIS
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  TYPES OF DIALYSER PARALLELPLATE – BLOOD FLOWS BETWEEN PARALLEL SHEETS OF MEMBRANE-65-86mL HOLLOW FIBRE- BLOODS FLOWS THROUGH HOLLOW FIBERS – 70-100mL
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  DIALYZER MEMBRANE  Cellulose: Obtainedform processed cotton (regenerated cellulose, cuprammonium cellulose, cuprammonium rayon and saponified cellulose)  Substituted cellulose: Cellulose polymer has a large number of free hydroxyl group at its surface  Free hydroxyl group are responsible for blood cell activation causing bio-incompatibiltiy of the dialyzer (cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, triacetate)  Synthetic material e.g(polyacrylorinate, polysulfone)
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  PRINCIPLES OF HAEMODIALYSIS Dialysisworks on the principles of the diffusion of solutes and ultrafiltration of fluid across a semi-permeable membrane. Diffusion is a property of substances in water substances in water tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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  DIFFUSION • 10-20 Micrometerthickness • Pores about 500nm • >5000 – pass easily • (5000- 40000)- pass slowly • Remove amino acids, some drugs
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  OSMOSIS • A processby which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
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  ULTRAFILTRATION The movement ofwater across a membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure is called Ultrafiltration.
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  Working of dialysismachine
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  Importance of Dialysis Thedialysis fluid Mixing of dialysis fluid Dialysate temperature Blood leak detector The extracorporeal blood circuit Access of circulation
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  THANK YOU