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Haemophilus influenzae
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- 2. HISTORY Hib wasfound in a group of patient during an influenza in 1892. Haemophilus Influenzae was first isolated in 1890 by Richard Pfeiffer.
- 3. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Family: Pasteurellaceae Genus : Haemophilus Species : Influenzae
- 4. SPECIES Haemophilus Influenzae Haemophilus Influenzae biotype aegyptius Haemophilus haemolyticus Haemophilus ducreyi Haemophilus aprophilus Haemophilus parainfluenzae Haemophilus parahaemolyticus Haemophilus paraphrophilus
- 5. Species X FactorY Factor Haemoly sis CO2 Require ment(5% ) Lactos e Sucrose Glucose Mannos e catalase Xylose H.influen zae + + _ + _ _ + _ + + H.Influen zae(aegy ptius) + + _ _ _ _ + _ + + H.haemo lyticus + + + _ _ _ + _ + _ H.ducreyi + _ +w _ _ _ _ _ _ _ H.aphrop hilus _ _ _ + + + + + _ + H.parainf luenzae _ + _ _ _ + + + V _ H.paraha emolyticu s _ + + _ _ + + _ + _ H.paraph rophilus _ + _ + + + + + _ +
- 6. CHARACTERISTICS OF SIXBIOTYPES character I II III IV V VI VII VIII Indole production + + _ _ + _ + _ Urease Activity + + + + _ _ _ _ Ornithine decarboxylase + _ _ + + + _ _
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- 9. VIRULANCE FACTOR Outermembrane protein Pili Immunoglobulin A1 Protease Lipopolysaccharides Capsule
- 10. VIRULANCE FACTOR BIOCHEMICALFUNCTION Capsular polysaccharides PRP of the capsule is antiphagocytic. It resists phagocytosis of the bacteria Lipopolysaccharides Causes meningococcal inflammation. IgA1 protease Causes breakdown of IgA, facilitate colonization of H.influenzae on the mucosal surface Pili Helps in adherence of H.influenzae to epithelial cells.
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- 12. PATHOGENESIS H.Influenzae enters thehuman host by respiratory route. Pilus and non pilus adhesions of the bacteria mediate colonization in the nasopharynx and oropharynx Lipid A lipopolysaccharides impairs ciliary function and IgA1 protease breakdown IgA1 Cause damage of the respiratory mucosa A large bacterial load or the viral infection potentiate the bacterial infection that invade mucosa and enter the blood stream.
- 13. The presence ofantibodies, complement components and phagocytes cause clearance of bacteremia The absence of anti PRP antibodies contributes to bacterial infection High grade bacteremia leads to disseminate to various sites including meninges, subcutaneous tissue,joints,pleura and pericardium Responsible for causing Meningitis, Arthritis, pneumonia and endocarditis Colonization of noncapsulated strains will direct extend to sinuses, eustachian tube etc cause sinusitis and otitis media
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- 16. Cellulitis cause byH.influenzae in foot
- 17. Cellulitis caused byH.influenzae in cheek
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- 19. Clinical Syndrome ofH.influenzae
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- 21. PREANALYTICAL PHASE SampleCollection Sample Transport
- 22. SPECIMEN CSF ThroatSwab Sputum Pus Joint Aspirates Pleural Aspirates Bronchial Aspirates Pericardial Aspirates
- 23. COLLECTION Lumber Puncture forCSF Collection
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- 25. specimen collection forthroat swab
- 27. ANALYTICAL PHASE DirectExamination : Microscopic Observation H.Influenzae in Gram Stain
- 28. H.Influenzae in coccobacilliform in Gram stain
- 29. Direct Smear OfH.influenzae in CSF in a case of meningitis
- 30. H.Influenzae in immunofluorescencemicroscopy
- 31. ANTIGEN DETECTION Latex AgglutinationTest For H. influenzae
- 32. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS H.Influenzae inChocolate Agar
- 33. SATELLITISM Satellitism Test forH.Influenzae
- 34. SELECTIVE MEDIA Levinthal’sAgar: Prepared by boiling and filtering a mixture of blood and nutrient broth. Fildes Agar : By adding peptic digest of blood to nutrient broth
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- 36. ENRICHMENT MEDIA BloodCulture: Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI Broth) :
- 37. BIOCHEMICAL TEST CATALASE TESTOXIDASE TEST
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- 40. ISOLATION FROM CLINICALSPECIMEN
- 41. IDENTIFICATION X and VTest For H.influenzae
- 42. H.Influenzae in XAnd V Test
- 43. H.Influenzae in LatexAgglutination Test
- 44. Flowchart for isolationof H.influenzae
- 45. POST ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE Interpretation of Laboratory Results: Antigen Detection : Culture :
- 46. ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TEST KirbyBauer Disk diffusion Method For H.influenzae performing in Chocolate Agar
- 47. Acidometric Paper StripMethod For Penicillin
- 48. Nitrocefin Test ForCephalosporin
- 49. PREVENTION AND CONTROL Vaccination : Recently,three types of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines are available. These vary in following properties: 1.The protein carrier used. 2.The molecular size of saccharides. 3.The method of conjugating the protein to the Saccharides.
- 50. Three typesof Vaccines are as follows: HbOC (Mutant Diphtheria toxin as a carrier) PRP-T (Tetanus Toxoid as a carrier Protein) PRP-OMP (Major OMP Of Neisseria meningitidis serotype B as a carrier protein )
- 51. Child Vaccinated withHaemophilus Type b Vaccine
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- 53. REFERANCES Practical MedicalMicrobiology(Mackie And McCartney) Diagnostic Microbiology (Bailey And Scott’s) Textbook Of Microbiology And Immunology (Parija) A Textbook Of Microbiology (Chakraborty) Textbook Of Microbiology (Dr. Prof. CP Baveja) Textbook Of Microbiology (Anantanarayan And Paniker’s)