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Hand Hygeine Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation
Hand hygiene, specifically cleaning hands before touching patients, is the most important way to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings. The WHO recommends cleaning hands at 5 key moments: before touching a patient, before clean procedures, after body fluid exposure, after touching a patient, and after contact with surfaces near the patient. Alcohol-based handrubs are more effective at killing germs than soap and water, take less time, and are less damaging to skin. Proper hand hygiene, including using alcohol-based handrubs, can significantly reduce healthcare-associated infections.
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Hand Hygeine Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation
- 1. Hand Hygiene IsThe Single Most Important Way to Protect Our Patients From Infection!
- 2. The “5 Moments”Are? The times we perform “time out” before every invasive procedure (e.g., catheter insertion) The moments before we eat our 3 meals and 2 snacks each day The key moments when healthcare workers should perform hand hygiene A Pop music group
- 3. The “5 Moments”Are? The times we perform “time out” before every invasive procedure (e.g., catheter insertion) The moments before we eat our 3 meals and 2 snacks each day The key moments when healthcare workers should perform hand hygiene A Pop music group
- 4. About SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands The 5 Moments this approach recommends health-care workers to clean their hands 1. before touching a patient 2. before clean/aseptic procedures 3. after body fluid exposure/risk 4. after touching a patient, and 5. after touching patient surroundings http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/background/5moments/en/index.html
- 6. The 5 Moments Which of the 5 Moments is most important? 1. before touching a patient 2. before clean/aseptic procedures 3. after body fluid exposure/risk 4. after touching a patient, and 5. after touching patient surroundings http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/background/5moments/en/index.html
- 7. The 5 Moments Which of the 5 Moments is most important? 1. before touching a patient 2. before clean/aseptic procedures 3. after body fluid exposure/risk 4. after touching a patient, and 5. after touching patient surroundings Hygiene before touching a patient protects patients from germs carried on healthcare workers
- 8. So Why Allthe Fuss About Hand Hygiene? Most common mode of transmission of pathogens to patients is via hands of Health Care Workers! Infections acquired in healthcare Spread of antimicrobial resistance
- 9. Recovery of VREfrom Hands and Environmental Surfaces Up to 41% of healthcare worker’s hands sampled (after patient care and before hand hygiene) were positive for VRE1 VRE were recovered from a number of environmental surfaces in patient rooms VRE survived on a countertop for up to 7 days2 1 Hayden MK, Clin Infect Diseases 2000;31:1058-1065. 2 Noskin G, Infect Control and Hosp Epidemi 1995;16:577-581.
- 10. The Inanimate EnvironmentCan Facilitate Transmission represents VRE culture positive sites ~ Contaminated surfaces increase cross-transmission ~ Abstract: The Risk of Hand and Glove Contamination after Contact with a VRE (+) Patient Environment. Hayden M, ICAAC, 2001, Chicago, IL.
- 11. Evidence of Relationship Between Hand Hygiene and Healthcare-Associated Infections Substantial evidence that hand hygiene reduces the incidence of infections More recent studies: rates lower when antiseptic handwashing was performed Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
- 12. Hand Hygiene Adherencein Hospitals Year of Study Adherence Rate Hospital Area 1994 (1) 29% General and ICU 1995 (2) 41% General 1996 (3) 41% ICU 1998 (4) 30% General 2005 (5) 48% General 1. Gould D, J Hosp Infect 1994;28:15-30. 2. Larson E, J Hosp Infect 1995;30:88-106. 3. Slaughter S, Ann Intern Med 1996;3:360-365. 4. Watanakunakorn C, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19:858-860. 5. Pittet D, Lancet 2000:356;1307-1312.
- 13. Recent WHO Study 327 healthcare facilities from 47 countries – Data from 1527 wards – 76,803 hand hygiene (HH) opportunities – Overall mean HH Moment 1 compliance = 51.4% – HH performed by • Handrubbing in 60.7% • Handwashing in 37.6% • Both methods in 1.7% Healthcare workers miss HH actions when this indication applies almost once in every two opportunities Nurses show better compliance than doctors Allegranzi, B. WHO. ECCMID 2011
- 14. Self-Reported Factors for Poor Adherence with Hand Hygiene Handwashing agents cause irritation and dryness Sinks are inconveniently located/lack of sinks Lack of soap and paper towels Too busy/insufficient time Understaffing/overcrowding Patient needs take priority Low risk of acquiring infection from patients Adapted from Pittet D, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:381-386
- 15. Definitions Hand hygiene – Performing handwashing, antiseptic handwash, alcohol-based handrub, surgical hand hygiene/antisepsis Handwashing – Washing hands with plain soap and water Antiseptic handwash – Washing hands with water and soap or other detergents containing an antiseptic agent Alcohol-based handrub – Rubbing hands with an alcohol-containing preparation Surgical hand hygiene/antisepsis – Handwashing or using an alcohol-based handrub before operations by surgical personnel Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
- 16. Hand Hygiene Options Insert Wet hands, apply Insert soap and rub for photo of >15 seconds. photo of Rinse, dry & turn liquid off faucet with paper towel. alcohol soap handrub from Apply to palm; rub from Hospital hands until dry Hospital X X ~ Use soap and water for visibly soiled hands ~ ~ Do not wash off alcohol handrub ~
- 17. Indications for HandHygiene When hands are visibly dirty, contaminated, or soiled, wash with non- antimicrobial or antimicrobial soap and water. If hands are not visibly soiled, use an alcohol-based handrub for routinely decontaminating hands. Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
- 18. Summary Alcohol-Based Handrubs: What benefits do they provide? Require less time More effective for standard handwashing than soap More accessible than sinks Reduce bacterial counts on hands Improve skin condition
- 19. Specific Indications forHand Hygiene Before: – Patient contact – Donning gloves when inserting a CVC – Inserting urinary catheters, peripheral vascular catheters, or other invasive devices that don’t require surgery After: – Contact with a patient’s skin – Contact with body fluids or excretions, non-intact skin, wound dressings – Contact with contaminated surfaces – Removing gloves Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
- 20. Efficacy of HandHygiene Preparations in Killing Bacteria Good Better Best Plain Soap Antimicrobial Alcohol-based soap handrub
- 21. Ability of HandHygiene Agents to Reduce Bacteria on Hands Time After Disinfection % log 0 60 180 minutes 99.9 3.0 Bacterial Reduction 99.0 2.0 Alcohol-based handrub (70% Isopropanol) 90.0 1.0 Antimicrobial soap (4% Chlorhexidine) 0.0 0.0 Plain soap Baseline Adapted from: Hosp Epidemiol Infect Control, 2nd Edition, 1999.
- 22. Effect of Alcohol-BasedHandrubs on Skin Condition Self-reported skin score Epidermal water content Dry Healthy Healthy Dry ~ Alcohol-based handrub is less damaging to the skin ~ Boyce J, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21(7):438-441.
- 23. Time Spent CleansingHands: one nurse per 8 hour shift Hand washing with soap and water: 56 minutes – Based on seven (60 second) handwashing episodes per hour Alcohol-based handrub: 18 minutes – Based on seven (20 second) handrub episodes per hour ~ Alcohol-based handrubs reduce time needed for hand disinfection ~ Voss A and Widmer AF, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997:18;205-208.
- 24. Recommended Hand Hygiene Technique Handrubs – Apply to palm of one hand, rub hands together covering all surfaces until dry – Volume: based on manufacturer Handwashing – Wet hands with water, apply soap, rub hands together for at least 15 seconds – Rinse and dry with disposable towel – Use towel to turn off faucet Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
- 25. Skin Care Skinlotion,compatible with the antiseptic soap (2% CHG), is the only approved product and is available in wall mounted dispensers Commercially available lotions should not be used as they inactivate the persistent activity of the antiseptic soap. In addition, they may become easily contaminated and a reservoir for infection Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
- 26. Fingernails and Artificial Nails Naturalnail tips should be kept to ¼ inch in length Artificial nails should not be worn when having direct contact with high-risk patients (e.g., ICU, OR) Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
- 27. Gloving Wear gloveswhen contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials is anticipated Remove gloves after caring for a patient or if moving from a contaminated-body site to a clean-body site during patient care. Do not wear the same pair of gloves for the care of more than one patient Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
- 28. Choosing The RightGlove Vinyl gloves are indicated for most patient contact Powder free latex (or nitrile for documented latex allergy) are indicated for potential exposure to blood/blood products or body fluids with visible blood
- 29. PREVENTION IS PRIMARY! Protect patients…protect healthcare personnel… promote quality healthcare!
- 30. REVIEW and PostTEST
- 31. What is thesingle most important reason for healthcare workers to practice good hand hygiene? 1. To remove visible soiling from hands 2. To prevent transfer of bacteria from the home to the hospital 3. To prevent transfer of bacteria from the hospital to the home 4. To prevent infections that patients acquire in the hospital
- 32. What is thesingle most important reason for healthcare workers to practice good hand hygiene? 1. To remove visible soiling from hands 2. To prevent transfer of bacteria from the home to the hospital 3. To prevent transfer of bacteria from the hospital to the home 4. To prevent infections that patients acquire in the hospital
- 33. How often doyou clean your hands after touching a PATIENT’S INTACT SKIN (for example, when measuring a pulse or blood pressure)? • Always • Often • Sometimes • Never
- 34. How often doyou clean your hands after touching a PATIENT’S INTACT SKIN (for example, when measuring a pulse or blood pressure)? 1. Always 2. Often 3. Sometimes 4. Never
- 35. Estimate how oftenYOU clean your hands after touching a patient or a contaminated surface in the hospital? • 25% • 50% • 75% • 90% • 100%
- 36. Now, estimate howoften YOUR CO- WORKERS clean their hands after touching a patient or a contaminated surface in the hospital? 1. 25% 2. 50% 3. 75% 4. 90% 5. 100%
- 37. Which method doyou use to clean your hands at work? • Plain soap and water • Antimicrobial soap and water • Alcohol-based handrub
- 38. Which hand hygienemethod is best at killing bacteria? 1. Plain soap and water 2. Antimicrobial soap and water 3. Alcohol-based handrub
- 39. Which hand hygienemethod is best at killing bacteria? 1. Plain soap and water 2. Antimicrobial soap and water 3. Alcohol-based handrub
- 40. Which of thefollowing hand hygiene agents is LEAST drying to your skin? 1. Plain soap and water 2. Antimicrobial soap and water 3. Alcohol-based handrub
- 41. Which of thefollowing hand hygiene agents is LEAST drying to your skin? 1. Plain soap and water 2. Antimicrobial soap and water 3. Alcohol-based handrub
- 42. It is acceptablefor healthcare workers to supply their own lotions to relieve dryness of hands in the hospital. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 43. It is acceptablefor healthcare workers to supply their own lotions to relieve dryness of hands in the hospital. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 44. How much timewould an ICU nurse save during an 8 hour shift by using an alcohol-based handrub instead of soap and water? 1. 15 minutes 2. 30 minutes 3. 1 hour 4. 2.5 hours
- 45. How much timewould an ICU nurse save during an 8 hour shift by using an alcohol-based handrub instead of soap and water? 1. 15 minutes 2. 30 minutes 3. 1 hour 4. 2.5 hours * Based on 12 opportunities/hour, handwashing time=60 seconds, alcohol-based handrub time=20 seconds
- 46. Healthcare-associated organisms are commonly resistant to alcohol. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 47. Healthcare-associated organisms are commonly resistant to alcohol. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 48. When a healthcareworker touches a patient who is COLONIZED, but not infected with resistant organisms (e.g., MRSA or VRE) the HCW’s hands are a source for spreading resistant organisms to other patients. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 49. When a healthcareworker touches a patient who is COLONIZED, but not infected with resistant organisms (e.g., MRSA or VRE) the HCW’s hands are a source for spreading resistant organisms to other patients. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 50. A co-worker whoexamines a patient with VRE, then borrows my pen without cleaning his/her hands is likely to contaminate my pen with VRE. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 51. A co-worker whoexamines a patient with VRE, then borrows my pen without cleaning his/her hands is likely to contaminate my pen with VRE. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 52. How often doyou clean your hands after touching an ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACE near a patient (for example, a countertop or bedrail)? 1. Always 2. Often 3. Sometimes 4. Never
- 53. How often doyou clean your hands after touching an ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACE near a patient (for example, a countertop or bedrail)? 1. Always 2. Often 3. Sometimes 4. Never
- 54. Use of artificialnails by healthcare workers poses no risk to patients. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 55. Use of artificialnails by healthcare workers poses no risk to patients. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 56. Glove use forall patient care contacts is a useful strategy for reducing risk of transmission of organisms. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree
- 57. Glove use forall patient care contacts is a useful strategy for reducing risk of transmission of organisms. 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Don’t know 4. Disagree 5. Strongly disagree