Download to read offline
HazardousSubstances- Main ppt on moodle.ppt
- 1.
- 2. Purpose of Presentation Purposeof Presentation This is a guide to the management of hazardous substances in worksites. It includes advice about: • Responsibilities of Persons Conducting a Business or undertaking • Purchasing • Safety information and MSDSs • Risk assessment and control options • Labelling • Storage (classes of substances) • Disposal
- 3. Definition: Definition: Hazardous Substance Hazardous Substance Asubstance that has the potential to cause illness or injury as identified by the manufacturer or importer and is included on the The Australian Safety and Compensation Council (formally NOHSC) National Occupational. Health and Safety Commission list of designated hazardous substances.
- 4. Hazardous substances canbe found in virtually Hazardous substances can be found in virtually every construction site though the number of every construction site though the number of substances, the degree of risk, their nature and the substances, the degree of risk, their nature and the quantities used vary enormously. quantities used vary enormously. • Examples of hazardous substances that can be found at some stage of the construction process are:- • Dusts, including asbestos and synthetic mineral fibres • Petrol / Diesel • Thinners • Adhesives (glues, formaldehyde) • Paints & lacquers • Cleaning agents (Acids) • Cement • Timber preservatives
- 5. Effects of HazardousSubstances Effects of Hazardous Substances • Most substances affect health by entering the body and interfering with the bod’s normal processes. When evaluating the levels of risk and exposure, all possible routes of entry into the body are to be considered. • There are four (4) ways in which substances can enter the body.
- 6. • Ingestion –(via the mouth) – Substances from the hands & fingers are transferred to the mouth, can be done inadvertently such as putting hands to the face or fingernail biting. • Inhalation - (via the lungs) – Dusts, vapours, fumes and gases are absorbed into the body through the lungs. • Dermal Penetration – (via the skin) – usually volatile substances that also can be absorbed by inhalation. • Eyes & Mucous Membranes – Eyes contain soft sensitive tissue with blood supply close to the surface – could be infected if splashes occur to the eye or nose.
- 7. Routes of Exposure Routesof Exposure Direct contact with skin Inhalation Ingestion Eye absorption
- 8. Duties of Managers Dutiesof Managers Worksite managers must develop and implement appropriate systems of work for the: – purchase – use – storage – disposal ………. of all substances
- 9. Effects of HazardousSubstances on Health Effects of Hazardous Substances on Health • Acute Toxicity- The effect on health is immediate on exposure . Health effects can vary depending on the toxicity of the substance and the level of exposure. – from temporary reversible to permanent damage to organs and even death. • eg Actetone , Hydrogen peroxide
- 10. Effects of HazardousSubstances on Health Effects of Hazardous Substances on Health • Chronic Toxicity- This is when it can take some years of exposure for health effects to develop. • Example of such substances are silica dusts, which can cause silicosis if exposed to low levels over long periods.
- 11. Effects of HazardousSubstances on Health Effects of Hazardous Substances on Health • Cancer – Carcinogens are a special case since exposure to them does not necessarily result in cancer. The higher the level and the longer the exposure, the more likely cancer is to develop. • Asbestos- can cause lung cancer • Benzene causes leukaemia
- 12. Effects of HazardousSubstances on Health Effects of Hazardous Substances on Health • Reproductive Effects – Effects on the Male & female reproductive system and the foetus. Resulting adverse outcomes including infertility, testicular atrophy, miscarriages, birth defects etc. – most common reproductive hazardous substances are lead and various chemicals in paint.
- 13. Effects of HazardousSubstances on Health Effects of Hazardous Substances on Health • Irritation - Irritation can cause a lot of discomfort and in some instances even permanent damage to health. Irritation includes effects on the skin, eyes, nose and lungs and results in such things as discomfort (burning or prickling sensations), dermatitis, inflammation (redness and soreness)
- 14. Effects of HazardousSubstances on Health Effects of Hazardous Substances on Health • Sensitization - These are substances that the body can become oversensitive to so that contact with them causes a reaction such as dermatitis, rashes or asthma. Once sensitized, a person will react to even very small quantities of the substance .
- 15. Effects of HazardousSubstances on Health Effects of Hazardous Substances on Health • Topical Effects - Some substances do not have to enter the body to cause harm. They can be harmful on contact with the body’s outer surfaces, such as the skin and eyes. Acids and caustic substances (corrosives) can cause burns, dry ice can cause cold burns and solvents can cause de-fatting of the skin resulting in dermatitis and an increased susceptibility to infection.
- 16. Duties of Employees Dutiesof Employees • Use non hazardous substances where possible • Only use those hazardous substances on the approved substances list • Use the substance in accordance with the risk assessment and appropriate control options
- 17. INJURY INJURY • Some substancesapart from being health hazards are also safety hazards, which mean they can cause injury. Liquids, gases, solids and vapours can be flammable or explosive causing severe injuries such as burns and loss of limbs or even death. • The property loss and the impact on the environment, which can also occur, is a concern to employers. The dangerous goods classification and symbols, and information in SDSs (previously known as MSDS) and on the labels are the best guide to identifying flammable, violently reactive and explosive substances.
- 18. Information about substances Informationabout substances • SafeWork Australia & ChemWatch have databases which contain information about a vast number of substances • These bodies can assist in: – Identifying hazardous substances – Printing MSDS – Printing Labels – Maintaining registers and manifests – Conducting risk assessments
- 19. Hazardous Substances Register HazardousSubstances Register • Sites must maintain a register of all Hazardous Substances according to the WHS Regulations • An example of a Hazardous Substances register template can be found on the WHS Website • Hazardous Substances register must be readily accessible • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) must be included in the register
- 20. Material Safety DataSheet (MSDS) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) MSDSs are information sheets prepared and supplied by the manufacturers or suppliers of products/substances. •They explain all the safety information about a chemical or substance before it is used. They are available from manufacturers or suppliers or online. •MSDSs are designed not only to provide information to employers and employees, but also to people such as engineers, doctors, emergency services personnel and occupational health professionals. •They contain some technical information that is not of much interest to the employers or employees.
- 21. Material Safety DataSheet (MSDS) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) MSDSs, available from the supplier provide essential information describing: • Properties • Safe storage • Uses • Health Hazard information • Precautions for use • Safe Handling information • Procedures for emergencies • Disposal
- 22. Material Safety DataSheet (MSDS) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) • Employees should have ready access to material safety sheets – SDS should not say ‘Confidential’ or ‘Confidential – not to be copied’ • The information should be stated in plain language and be understandable to the layperson • The SDS must be relevant to Australian conditions • The SDS should not be older than 5 years
- 23. Example Mini MSDSfrom ChemWatch
- 24. Risk Assessment Risk Assessment •Risk assessments must be completed by the PCBU and control options implemented for all designated hazardous substances • Risk assessments must consider how the substance will be used, and by whom.
- 25. To assess therisk of exposure the To assess the risk of exposure the employers should: – employers should: – 1.Identify the substance 2. Obtain facts about the hazards 3.Determine the effects of the substance on each employee 4. Decide on necessary controls
- 26. Control Options Control Options •Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the last option in the Hierarchy of Controls • Ensure appropriate control measures are in place when handling hazardous substances • PPE should be provided by Site Managers and worn by employees when required • In special circumstances, information, instruction and training must be provided on the use and maintenance of PPE
- 27. LABELS LABELS • Labels areusually the first and most easily available source of information about a substance. All containers should be labeled and remain so until they have been cleaned. • Worksafe Australia’s “National Code of Practice for Labeling of Workplace Substances” provides guidelines / information required to be on the labels. The recommendations for labeling vary with the size of the container. • As an absolute minimum, where containers are so small that all the required information cannot fit on, the label should include signal words and/or dangerous goods class and subsidiary risk, the product name and manufacturer/supplier’s details.
- 28. STORAGE STORAGE • Rarely thewhole quantity of a hazardous substance required for a certain task is used in one day, which means that it has to be stored on site for further use in such a way that it will not endanger the health and safety of the workers (or the public). • Follow instructions on Safety data Sheets
- 29. Signage Signage • With thenumerous hazards on a construction site signage is very important in alerting people about hazards, advising people what to do, what not to do and locations of various safety equipment and first aid. • This would mean that on a worksite signage of general hazards may be placed at the entry to the site so everyone entering the site can see them. • For more localised hazards signage may be required only close to the hazard.
- 30. Australian Standard AS1319 – Safety Signs for the Occupational Environment gives the types/ groups and shapes of the safety signs: – Information Warning Mandatory Prohibition Restriction Danger (text)
- 31. Labelling Labelling • All containersholding substances must be correctly labelled according to the WHS Regulations • ChemWatch can generate labels for all substances Label generated in ChemWatch
- 32. Chemical Storage Chemical Storage •Hazardous Substances must be kept in locked storage, with no unsupervised student access • Storage Areas to be clearly signed • Storage of substances is based on the Dangerous Goods classification
- 33. Why must acetylenecylinders be stored upright? Because the acetylene is stored dissolved in acetone. You don't want to get any liquid acetone up into the valve area where it can get into the regulator, as it can damage the regulator. If the tank does go on its side, be sure to set it upright and let it be for awhile before putting it in use.
- 34. Pictures are theresult of an Pictures are the result of an explosion involving an explosion involving an Acetylene /Oxygen rig stored Acetylene /Oxygen rig stored inside a van. Ignition source was inside a van. Ignition source was a remote keyless entry. a remote keyless entry. Acetylene has one of the widest Acetylene has one of the widest explosive ranges of the explosive ranges of the flammable gases. flammable gases.
- 47. Storage Considerations Some classesof chemicals must be segregated from other classes because of their reaction potential with other chemical classes. Flammable substances must be segregated (Classes 3, 4.1 and 4.3) Spontaneous Combustibles must be segregated (Class 4.2) Oxidisers must be segregated (Class 5) Corrosives must be segregated (Class 8) (see individual Class slides for more details on storage) Index (back), Exit classes
- 48. Training Training • WHS Regulations(2011) require Site Managers to provide training for all staff using hazardous substances
- 49. Codes of Practice Codesof Practice • Approved codes of practice under the WHS Act relevant to the use of hazardous substances include: • Code of Practice for the Control of Workplace Hazardous Substances • Code of Practice for the Preparation of Material Safety Data Sheets • Code of Practice for the Labelling of Workplace Substances
- 50. • See Also: •Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Ionizing Radiation in Secondary Schools • Code of Practice for the Safe Removal of Asbestos • Code of Practice for Asbestos Work • Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Synthetic Mineral Fibres • More are available from www.workcover.com Codes of Practice Codes of Practice cont cont
- 51. What do Ineed to do if I want to What do I need to do if I want to use a substance? use a substance? 1. Check if the substance is hazardous or non-hazardous (use ChemWatch) 2. If non-hazardous, proceed with purchase and follow safety info on label 3. If hazardous, check Approved Substances List (or seek non-hazardous alternative) 4. If substance is not on list, do not proceed with purchase, seek non-hazardous alternative
- 52. Summary Summary • Hazardous substancesmust be identified • Risk assessments must be completed • Control options must be in place for all substances: – Training (including safe work practices) – Purchasing procedures – Disposal – Engineering and Substitution considered – Labelling – Registers & Storage – Personal protective equipment (PPE)
- 53.
Editor's Notes
- #28 To be in the exam