Health and pollution 4.4

Health and pollution 4.4

• 1.
  EQ4: How canthe impacts of health risks be managed? Aims: To recognise which health risks can be managed effectively and which cannot To fully understand the role of sustainability
• 2.
  What to do!!Read the following slides. Make notes on what they are saying. Can you give other examples of health issue success / failure from your notes. Visit the 2 sites on the last slides and make brief notes on what they show.
• 3.
  Key Terms Healthcaresustainability – healthcare systems which have the funding to maintain levels of human and physical resources over the long term in the fight against a particular disease or disease in general Preston Curve – a graph showing the relationship between a country’s life expectancy (used as a measure of its health) and its real per capita income
• 4.
  Key Terms Verticalhealth programmes – concentrate on tackling a single disease e.g. Mobilize Against Malaria Horizontal health programmes – aim to prevent and treat all forms of illness e.g. NHS UK
• 5.
  Read PA pages375- 376. This looks at the management of the pollution causes health risks and those caused by lifestyle. This PowerPoint will add to that by looking at the sustainability of long and short term programmes and consider success on a wide and small scale.
• 6.
  Overview Shorter termplanning is VITAL when unexpected circumstances happen (see Asian Tsunami example in 4.3) The emphasis for health-management needs to be on longer-term sustainable planning for a better health environment Can be easier said than done! Small-pox eradicated globally shows that health planning can be successful Current battle against HIV/AIDS is proving more difficult
• 7.
  Overview World HealthReport, 2008, “Higher spending on health is associated with better outcomes, but with large differences between countries” The Preston curve is often used the show the relationship between health and wealth The curve has shifted upwards over time as can be seen @ Gapminder An income of $1000 in 1975 gave a life expectancy of 48.8 years (average) 2005 an income of $1000 gave a life expectancy of 52 years (average) This suggests that improvements in nutrition, education, health technologies and management now allow for the greater production of health for the same level of wealth
• 8.
  HIV/AIDS Longer-term planningrequired In a country Across the globe (WHO co-ordinated) UNAIDS and other major organisations agree that Best prevention is education and testing Best treatment for long-term survival is anti-retrovirals Key to success is reliable data collection You have seen that prevention and treatment are VITAL to economic development
• 9.
  Funding In 2002$2 billion were available fight HIV/AIDS In 2007 $10 billion were available If there is to be universal access to drugs FOR ALL then $42 billion will be needed by 2010 How sustainable is this targeting of HUGE funds towards one disease?
• 10.
  Sub-Saharan Africa Hitby medical, social and economic burden of AIDS Funding is VERTICAL and so funds are taken from other, also pressing, health needs 1/5 of ALL global health aid is to HIV programmes BUT accounts for 1/20 of the burden of disease in low-middle income countries. Costly because: Sophisticated equipment Expensive medicines Heavy demands on medical staff Compared with more modest resources which could seriously fight trachoma and bilharzia
• 11.
  Vertical Programmes –good or bad? WHO Vertical Programmes assessment – on Moodle GOOD – measurable results like with small-pox BAD - Often funded by individual donors This can create wasteful administrative costs Draw much-needed medical expertise away from weak state health systems BUT: Few studies to illustrate which model works best Few studies to illustrate which organisations are best able to distribute and spend money
• 12.
  Other reading http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6670002 www.theglobalfund.org