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Similar to health care Solid waste management
health care Solid waste management
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- 2. • Waste isunwanted or useless materials. • Waste is introduced in to the environment due to day to day activities of humans
- 3. The mainpurpose of waste management is to isolate waste from humans and the environment , Hospital waste handling is important; ◦ to protect staff, patient and community from harm and accidental injury ◦ to prevent the spread of infection , pest and scavengers ◦ to prevent damage of the incinerator and ◦ For keeping MOH and FMHACA guidelines ◦ In addition , the aesthetic value of better outlook and clean physical environment is important for our emotional wellbeing
- 4. Solid wastes: wastesin solid forms, domestic, commercial and industrial wastes Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
- 5. Bio-degradable ; canbe degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others) Non-biodegradable ; cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines, cans and others)
- 6. Hazardous wastes ;Substancesunsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically and have any of the following properties- ignitability, corrosivity , reactivity & toxicity. Non-hazardous ; Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically and do not have any of those properties mentioned above. These substances usually create disposal problems.
- 7. Municipal Solidwastes: Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish, construction & demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials, trade refuges etc. are managed by any municipality. Bio-medical wastes: Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or end products generated during diagnosis, treatment & research activities of medical sciences. Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing & processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary & paper etc.
- 8. Agricultural wastes:Wastes generated from farming activities. These substances are mostly biodegradable. Fishery wastes: Wastes generated due to fishery activities. These are extensively found in coastal & estuarine areas. Radioactive wastes: Waste containing radioactive materials. Usually these are byproducts of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved in nuclear activities, may also produce some radioactive wastes, e.g. radio-isotopes, chemical sludge etc. E-wastes: Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They may be described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components, such as CRTs, may contain contaminants such as Pb, Cd, Be or brominated flame retardants.
- 9. Affects our health Affectsour socio-economic conditions Affects our coastal and marine environment Affects our climate
- 10. Exposures occurs through Ingestion of contaminated water or food Contact with disease vectors Inhalation Dermal Note ; Absolute elimination of all risks is impossible. A realistic goal is a reasonable degree of safety at all times without compromising efficiency and priorities.
- 11. Waste hierarchy refersto 3 Rs Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
- 12. The safe andeffective management of medical waste depends on appropriate segregation, packaging, in house transport, storage and finally treatment and disposal.
- 13. Segregation atthe point generation is very crucial
- 14. To followthe policy on waste management Segregate at the point of generation To ensure supplies are available To have appropriate color coded bins for segregation
- 15. Black- noninfectious waste materials / General waste Yellow – infectious materials that burn and vial Red – only for body parts and placenta for special separate pit Sharp containers – for sharps to be burned Recycling bin – for non infectious plastic like water bottles and large iv bottles Box /bin – for dangerous materials that can not burn eg. Aerosol cans , batteries, metals and buried in pits ( label dangerous materials )
- 16. Important ◦ You canonly fill all sharp containers ¾ full so the containers can be closed safely ◦ There can be no liquids in the waste , no IV Bags with solution and no urine bags with urine , no blood bags with blood , no plastic bottles with water . ◦ Fluids need to be emptied in appropriate sink or toilet before they are disposed in the bins
- 17. There canbe nothing that can explode in the garbage that burns like aerosol can and batteries . This can damage the incinerator and injure the incinerator Teach patient and relatives to segregate
- 18.
- 21. ◦ Ensure propercolor bin is in place at each station ◦ Sharp containers should be closed shut and sealed when ¾ full , before transportation ◦ Segregate at a point of generation and remind and teach others ◦ Pouring liquids or wet waste directly in to a safe sewerage system ◦ Teach patients and families about segregation on admission
- 22. Use properpersonal protective equipment ( industrial glove , aprons, masks, goggles as required especially when dealing with infectious fluids ) NB If a bag contains fluids eg. Iv bag with solutions or urine bag with urine, do not pickup the bag , inform the in charge ( to remind nurses to segregate ) and cleaner to remove the fluids or needles with heavy duty gloves )
- 23. Cleaning staffs /janitors are responsible to ; ◦ Contaminated waste should be collected and transported to disposal sites in leak proof , covered and easily washable waste containers ◦ Collect bins and sharps container when ¾ full and put in utility room and later transport to incinerator or garbage container with a chart separated ◦ Do not mix segregated waste
- 24. Collect useddressing materials immediately when the physician or nurses finished the dressing and other infectious medical wastes such as urine bags , gloves and the like using small designated buckets Need to also segregate waste while sweeping eg. Sharps in sharps container
- 25. Must transportin safe carts and must wear PPE ( Industrial gloves, apron, mask , goggles as required specially when dealing with infectious materials Transport black bins to the green container Transport yellow infectious bins and sharp container to the incinerator
- 26. Transport redbins with placenta or body parts into placenta pits Transport dangerous materials like poisonous , radio active / explosive such as aerosol cans with consultation of pharmacist and environmental health officer If waste is in wrong bucket please move it in to the right colored buckets using PPE and specially heavy duty gloves using pick ups
- 30. All wastebins should be properly washed , disinfected and return back
- 31. • Poor segregationof waste • Absence of Clear directives and commitment related to waste • No clear understanding of “medical waste” • “Cradle to grave” protocols not available • No policy and procedure regarding requisitioning or rotation of stock, to prevent overstocking and lapsed expiry dates of consumables and pharmaceuticals.
- 32. Education ofthe staff and public is not getting through No structured orientation and induction in service education programmes that include waste management for all categories of staff. Collection of waste from the various areas not always satisfactory. Lack of continuity due to rotation of staff and leave Lack of commitment by institutional managers to manage and monitor the entire medical waste flow, from initiation to disposal.
- 33. Institutional managerseither do not see it as high priority or are powerless to enforce good medical waste segregation. A care less attitude by the staff concerned
- 34. This can onlybe achieved by all health care facilities ; having a documented policy and procedures the staff is properly trained Fully implement the SOP
Editor's Notes
- #4 It is our responsibility to ensure the environment is odor and mess free and that infectious, hazardous , toxic materials are properly disposed according to MOH AND FMHACA