Download to read offline
More Related Content
Similar to Health education .Chapter-1.power point.
![Presentation2-1.pptx_÷%÷^#*#(#&*×]×]#*#&](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/presentation2-1-241102155059-75e65445-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Health education .Chapter-1.power point.
- 1. HEALTH EDUCATION By Dr. SurenderReddy Pulluri (PhD) Professor & Head of the Dept. of Public Health Gambella University, Ethiopia 01/07/2025 By:MS 1
- 2. Chapter – 1:Introduction Health: is “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO 1948) Health Education: is any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary action conducive to health” Health Promotion: is “the process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health, and thereby to improve their health” (Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, 1986). 01/07/2025 By:MS 2
- 3. 4 Pillars/Tools/Approaches ofHealth Promotion 1) Health Education 2) Advocacy 3) Social Mobilization 4) Social Marketing 01/07/2025 By:MS 3
- 4. Pillars of HealthPromotion (Approaches/Tools to Health Promotion) 01/07/2025 4 Health Educatio n (as a tool of health prom otion) Advocac y HEALTH PROMOTION Social Marketin g PUBLIC HEALTH HEALTH Social Mobilizatio n By:MS
- 5. Advocacy Definition: Advocacy is,simply, defined as an act or process of supporting a cause or an issue to influence decision makers for program or policy change. Advocacy can also be defined as speaking up, drawing community’s attention, and directing decision makers towards a solution. 01/07/2025 5 By:MS
- 6. Advocacy… Elements ofAdvocacy 01/07/2025 6 Data Collection Issue M & E Goal & Objective Target Audience Message Development Channels of Communication Building Support Resource Mobilization Implementation By:MS
- 7. Advocacy--- Examples ofAdvocacy works Legalization Abortion in Ethiopia:Art- 551/97 EC to replace the 1949 EC family law article Cost of Ethiopian Coffee/Advocated by oxFam Ethiopia against regulation of Star Backs Campany,2009 01/07/2025 7 By:MS
- 8. Social Mobilization Definition: Social mobilization is the process of bringing together all feasible inter - sectoral partners and social allies to raise people’s awareness and demand for particular development program to assist in the delivery of resources & services and to strengthen community participation for sustainability and self-reliance. 01/07/2025 8 By:MS
- 9. Social Mobilization… Examplesof Social Mobilization Health Extension Packages VCT(voluntary counselling and Testing/PIHCT(Provider – initiated HIV Counselling and testing) ITN(insecticide treated nets) Distribution Water Harvesting 01/07/2025 9 By:MS
- 10. Social Marketing Definition: Social marketingis a process concerned with introducing and disseminating new or re branded marketable ideas and services; i.e. product (Material or idea), transaction (Mutual relationship where two parties benefit by exchange of product or service), and consumer(Client or partner which uses a product by buying it but based on his/her free will). 01/07/2025 10 By:MS
- 11. Social Marketing--- Examplesof Social Marketing: Marketable/use friendly PRODUCT Different types Condoms Coca-Cola Bottle/High land water container Marketable/use friendly IDEA Bill Board in India on road Traffic Accident Advertisements of WORLD Cup & Ambassador suit Marketable/use friendly SERVICE Community Based Distribution of FP Naming of a cafeteria, etc 01/07/2025 11 By:MS
- 12. Health Education (HE) HE comprises consciously constructed opportunities for learning involving some form of communication designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing life skills which are conducive to individual and community health. HE is not only concerned with the communication of information, but also with fostering the motivation, skills and confidence (self-efficacy) necessary to take action to improve health. 01/07/2025 By:MS 12
- 13. Health Education (HE)…. HE includes the communication of information concerning the underlying social, economic and environmental conditions impacting on health, as well as individual risk factors and risk behaviors, and use of the health care system. Thus, health education may involve the communication of information, and development of skills which demonstrates the political feasibility and organizational possibilities of various forms of action to address social, economic and environmental determinants of health. 01/07/2025 By:MS 13
- 14. Information, Education andCommunication (IEC) I.E.C is a process which involves the provision of information, conduct of educational activities, and effective communication of health messages to enable individuals, families or communities to promote their health as well as to preserve their health. Behavior Change Communication (BCC) B.C.C- is a process of changing social and individual attitudes and behaviors by providing relevant information, education and motivation through appropriate communication strategies. 14 01/07/2025 By:MS
- 15. Historical Development ofH/E As a practice as old as human being. The concept of educating about health has been around since the dawn of humans. As a profession in the world ~>100 years – USA Health belief model 1966: the oldest model As a course: Gondar Health science ~ 1954 As a profession in Ethiopia: JU <10 yrs 01/07/2025 By:MS 15
- 16. 01/07/2025 16 Evolution ofHE/HP There have been three revolutions in public health:- The First Public Health Revolution Fight against communicable/infectious diseases, malnutrition and environmental factors over which people had little control (water, basic sanitation, food security) Health Education had already been taking part during this first revolution
- 17. 01/07/2025 17 Evolution ofHE/HP… The Second Public Revolution Fight against non-communicable diseases over which people had some personal control, when social conditions and context were favorable (obesity/healthy diet, sedentary lifestyles/exercise, addictions, abuse, mental health, risky behaviors)
- 18. The Third PublicHealth Revolution –The ‘Birth of Health Promotion’ Is about health Promotion (since 1974) Health promotion is viewed as a strategic activity to promote health as a “resource for every day life”, and there fore, health promotion focuses on wellbeing and quality of life, for which it is necessary to empower communities for action 01/07/2025 By:MS 18
- 19. 01/07/2025 19 Health Educationand its Relationships with Public Health and Health Promotion Health Education is one of the strategies of Health Promotion; whereas, Health Promotion is one of the central Public Health Disciplines. While Public Health is the science & art of preventing disease, prolonging life & promoting health through the organized efforts of society, Health Promotion is specifically concerned with the socio-behavioral processes for improving personal health behaviors and factors influencing those behaviors
- 20. Rationale for healtheducation The continued existence and spread of communicable diseases. such as malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS About 75% of childhood illnesses are preventable e.g. measles by immunization, malnutrition and diarrhea ,promoting breast feeding up until age of two. Need the involvement of the community members and environmental interventions. For some diseases health education is the only practical choice: in order to prevent the spread of the disease or to lead a normal life. E.g. HIV/AIDS. 01/07/2025 By:MS 20
- 21. Rationale … The tendencyof increasing magnitude of chronic conditions and other emerging agendas, which required the cooperation of individuals to lead with the problem. E.g. Hypertension. Human behaviors are almost the single causes for the development of such currently emerging health problems and also the main solution. Many people do not seek treatment until it is too late. Ignorant, access, afraid of seeking treatment 01/07/2025 By:MS 21
- 22. Rationale … Prevention isbetter than cure. is a statement which is generally true especially for non communicable diseases Increasing threats to the young from new and harmful behaviors. Eg. tobacco use, teen-age pregnancy, substance use etc. Increased awareness of people on chronic health problems and the need to know preventive actions. 01/07/2025 By:MS 22
- 23. Aims of HealthEducation In 1954, the WHO expert committee stated the following three aims of health education: To ensure that the community accepted health as a valued asset. To equip individuals with knowledge and skills to influence their attitudes in such a way as to help them to solve their own health problems. To promote development of health services The purpose of health education is to positively influence the health behavior of individuals and communities as well as the living and working conditions that influence their health. 01/07/2025 23 By:MS
- 24. Settings of healtheducation : Health education occurs in a variety of places, which includes: Health facilities Schools Worksite Health departments Voluntary health agencies Communities 01/07/2025 By:MS 24
- 25. Principles of healtheducation 1. Principle of educational diagnosis The first task in changing behaviors is to determine its causes. Just as physicians must diagnose an illness before it can be properly treated, so in health education there must a behavior be assessed/diagnosed before it can be properly changed. If the causes of the behaviors understood health educator can intervene with the most appropriate and efficient combination of education, reinforcement and motivation 01/07/2025 By:MS 25
- 26. Principles of HE… 2.Principle of Participation The prospect for success in any attempt to change behaviors will be greater if the individuals, families, community groups,, etc…have been participated in identifying their own needs for change and have selected the methods that will enable them to take action. 3. Principle of multiple methods This principle follows from the principle of educational diagnosis. In so far as multiple causes will consistently be found for any given behaviors. 01/07/2025 By:MS 26
- 27. Principles of HE… 4.Principle of planning and organizing Planning and organizing are fundamentals for health education which distinguishes it from other incidental learning experiences. It involves deciding in advance the when, who, what, how and why of health education. It also requires the planning for resources, methods and materials to be used, identification of target groups etc. 01/07/2025 By:MS 27
- 28. Principles of HE… 5.Facts Health education is given based on scientific findings/facts and current knowledge. 6. Segmentation Health education should be designed for a specific group of people/specific target groups 7. Need based Health education is primarily educational and its purpose is to ensure a desired health related behavior after real need identification. 01/07/2025 By:MS 28
- 29. Principles of HE… 8.Culture Health education should not considered as artificial situation or formal teaching –learning process. One has to get into the culture of the community to introduce new ideas easily Rigid statements particularly contrary to existing belief, culture, practices will not be liked. Therefore HE starts from where people are and slowly build up the talking point to avoid any clash of ideas through the communication process 01/07/2025 By:MS 29
- 30. 30 Principles of healtheducation… 9. Principle of motivation: Motivation is mental direction /desire for doing or rejecting something. It is something that happens within the person, not something done to a person by others. 10.Principle of feedback It is a mechanism of assessing what has been happened in the target Population after receiving the message.. 01/07/2025
- 31. The role ofHE in primary health care What is PHC? Primary health care is essential health care made accessible at a cost a country and community can afford, with methods that are practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable. 01/07/2025 By:MS 31
- 32. Role of HE… HEis: A component of PHC Core principles of primary health care is “community participation”. Thus: Health education is central to primary health care All components of primary health care have health education Informing the community is the first important step towards community participation Facilitating inter - sectoral action Primary health care can not successfully implemented without health education. 01/07/2025 By:MS 32