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Hearing impairment
The document provides an overview of understanding hearing impairment. It defines hearing impairment and discusses causes, classifications, and characteristics. It also describes rehabilitation programs including assessment, educational options, and communication methods like sign language. Visual gestural communication methods like sign language, finger spelling, and simultaneous communication methods are explained. Tips for communicating with those who have hearing impairments are provided.
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Introduction to hearing impairment, its definition, causes, classification, and rehabilitation programs.
Introduction to hearing impairment, its definition, causes, classification, and rehabilitation programs.
Definition and complexities of hearing impairment as explained by Helen Keller, describing impairments beyond just hearing loss.
Classification based on residual hearing, age of onset, language development, and degree of hearing loss.
Causes of hearing impairment are discussed, including pre-natal, peri-natal, and post-natal factors.
Emotional, social, and ability-related characteristics of individuals with hearing impairment.
Assessment techniques for hearing loss and various areas of assessment including language and psychosocial characteristics.
Options for educational settings, teaching methods, and curriculum for the deaf, detailing various approaches.
Methods and best practices for effective communication with the deaf, focusing on sign language and interaction techniques.
A poetic expression reflecting the ability and freedom of the deaf individual, emphasizing self-worth and potential.
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Hearing impairment
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- 2. Course Outline UnderstandingHearing Impairment Definition Causes Classification of the Hearing Impaired Characteristics II. Rehabilitation Programs for the Hearing Impaired Assessment Educational Options Programs
- 3. Visual Gestural CommunicationThe Sign Language Continuum The Joy of Signing III. Communicating with the Hearing Impaired
- 4. Hearing Impairment UnderstandingModule 1
- 5. What is HEARINGIMPAIRMENT? “ The difficulty to hear clearly as much as others normally do.”
- 6. “ Hearingimpairment is not only the handicap of not being able to hear. It encompasses emotional problems, problems in socialization, and even in learning …” Helen Keller says… “ The problems of deafness are deeper and more complex. It is a much worse misfortune for it means the loss of the most vital stimulus, the sound of voice, that brings language, sets thoughts astir and keeps us in the company of man. “
- 7. Deaf - those who do not have sufficient residual hearing to enable them to understand speech successfully without special instruction. Hard of hearing – those with hearing impairments mild enough for them to learn without great difficulty deaf - audiological condition of not hearing. Deaf – particular group of people who share a language and culture
- 8. CLASSIFICATION OF H.I.1. According to the age at onset of deafness Congenitally deaf – born deaf Adventitiously deaf – born with normal hearing and became deaf through accident/illness 2. According to language development Prelingually deaf – born deaf oer lost hearing before speech and language were developed Post lingually deaf - lost hearing after development of spontaneous speech and language
- 9. Classification 3. Accordingto place of impairment conductive hearing loss – hearing loss due to the interference in the transmission of sound to and through the sense organ (outer or middle ear) Sensory-neural hearing loss – due to the abnormality of the inner ear or the auditory nerve, or both mixed hearing loss - combination of both; sometimes called a flat loss
- 10. Classification 4. Accordingto degree of hearing loss Classification Degree of Hearing Loss Slight 27-40 dB Mild 41-55 dB Moderate 56-70 dB Severe 71-90 dB Profound 91 dB or more
- 11. CAUSES OF H.I.1. Pre-Natal Causes german measles excessive alcohol intake toxins 2. Peri-Natal trauma during delivery congenital defects (closed outer ear, undeveloped inner ear parts)
- 12. Causes 3. Post-Natalear infections accidents noise pollution over medications poor ear hygiene physical abuse old age severe illnesses
- 13. CHARACTERISTICS Impulsivity HyperactivitySelf-Concept Over/Under reaction EMOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ABILITIES artistic creative poor language skills
- 14. Characteristics SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICSCurious Friendly Good observers Dysinhibition
- 15. Rehabilitation Programs forthe Hearing Impaired Module 2
- 16. ASSESSMENT OF HEARINGLOSS In the absence of an AUDIOMETER, the following simple tests may be administered: Noise Maker Test Whisper Test Calling Name Test Watch-Tick Test Ballpen-Click Test Command Test
- 17. Assessment Significant ObservationsWatches face, especially the mouth of the speaker when talked to Makes use of more natural gestures, signs, movements to express himself Shows strained expression when listening Cocks ear/tilts head at an angle towards the source of the sound Pays more attention to vibration and vibrating objects Often asks for repetition of questions or statements
- 18. Assessment-observations 7. Failsto respond immediately 8. Has blank facial expression when talked to 9. Often unable to follow oral directions/instructions 10. Is less responsive to noise, voice or music 11. Shows marked imitativeness at work/play 12. Has difficulty associating concrete with abstract ideas 13. Has poor general learning performance
- 19. AREAS OF ASSESSMENT1. Physical-Motor Area difficulties on tests of balance and general coordination 2. Perceptual and Cognitive Areas no proof of sensory-compensation no limitations on cognitive abilities functions within the normal range of intelligence
- 20. 3. Language andSpeech Area basic deprivation of deafness is not the loss of sound but the deprivation of language deficits in receptive, expressive or integrative language Assessment-Areas 4. Psychosocial Area emotional and social characteristics
- 21. EDUCATIONAL OPTIONS Theeducation of the deaf has three constant underlying sources of tension, friction and controversy: WHERE should deaf students be taught? HOW should deaf students be taught? WHAT should deaf students be taught?
- 22. WHERE should deafstudents be taught? Residential Institutions Special Schools and Units SPED Centers Self-Contained Tutorials Community Services inclusion integration mainstreaming Homebound instruction
- 23. WHERE should deafstudents be taught? Baguio City SPED Center San Lorenzo Ruiz Institute (SLRI) Baguio School for the Deaf (BSD) SPED Easter College Other Areas: STAC
- 24. HOW should deafstudents be taught? Oral-Aural Approach Manual Approach Total Communication/Simultaneous Method -use of residual hearing, development of speech and speech reading - use of sign language, finger spelling, pantomime and natural gestures - combination of both methods
- 25. WHAT should deafstudents be taught? General Education Subject Matter Content Traditional Areas of Education of the Deaf (Special Curriculum Features for the Deaf) - English, Math, Science, Filipino, P.E., etc. - Rhythm, Auditory Training, Speech and Language
- 26. Communicating with theHearing Impaired Module 3
- 27. The Sign LanguageContinuum 1. Non-verbal Communication natural gestures, mimes, facial expressions used by Deaf without formal education 2. Sign Language concept-oriented syntax: most important concept first 1 5 2 3 4 3. Signed English follows English syntax used by hearing persons who learned sign language 4. Finger Spelling letters of the alphabet thru hand signs 5.Simultaneous Method - speech in conjunction with manual communication
- 28. The Nature ofthe Language of Signs It is a language of natural gestures and pantomimes Signs are made within the signing area: top of the head and just above the waist The sight-line is an imaginary line between the signer and the observer The body of the signer greatly aids in manual signs (ex: tenses, tone, gender) When the basic sign is initialized, it attains a special meaning
- 29. Nature of SignsReduplication of signs denotes plurality or continuous action Signs are directional Synonyms are signed lightly or forcefully according to the intent of the word Antonyms are signed mostly in reverse of the synonym Very large signs are equivalent to shouting
- 30. Conduct in CommunicatingBy Signs Get the deaf person’s attention before signing Keep your hands and face toward the deaf person with whom you are speaking Keep your signs and finger spelling smooth and flowing with appropriate pauses and rhythm Adjust your signs and finger spelling within the language level of the deaf with whom you are conversing
- 31. Conduct Put acrossthe proper amount of facial expressions, body movements and emphasis Don’t get upset or confused when you find that there multiple variations in a given sign Be patient with the deaf when their signs appear to be brutally frank in their expressions. Enjoy signing!
- 32. I CAN Ican live, I can love I can reach the heaven’s above I can right what is wrong, I can sing just any song I can dance, I can fly And touch the rainbow in the sky I can be your good friend I can love you until the end. What took you so long to make me feel I can give love, a love so real What took you so long to let me know What took you so long to make me see How lucky I am cause I am free Free to do the things I want to be