High Performance Building Design Workshop
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The document discusses high-performance building design, emphasizing the importance of green buildings in reducing CO2 emissions and presenting case studies of LEED Platinum projects. It outlines an integrated design process for achieving net-zero emissions, highlighting key strategies such as site selection, passive solar design, and occupant engagement. Additionally, it addresses common concerns like first-cost barriers and the need for continuous performance monitoring to ensure successful energy and efficiency outcomes.
High Performance Building Design Workshop
- 1. Master Class: High-Performance Building Design Jerry Yudelson, PE, LEED Fellow Yudelson Associates
- 2. Take-Aways Green buildings are important for controlling CO2 emissions High-performance buildings are feasible today No new technologies; just new Integrated Design Process Energy use metrics well established at 100-150 kWh/sqm/year
- 3. IEA Global Warming Study IEA estimates that meeting a ≤2 C target would require $5 trillion in global energy investments between now and 2020. Source: IEA, “Tracking Clean Energy Progress.”
- 4. Agenda • LEED Platinum Case Studies – High-Performance Buildings • Designing for High-Performance – Integrated Design Process • Exercise • Case Study: NREL Research Support Facility, USA • Discussion
- 5. Manitoba Hydro Place LEED Platinum Winnipeg, Canada
- 6. Manitoba Hydro Place LEED Platinum
- 7. 2000 Tower Oaks Rockville, MD
- 9. Kroon Hall Yale University
- 10. Kroon Hall
- 11. Ohlone College Newark, CA
- 12. Visible Enthalpy Wheel Rooftop PV System Ohlone College Center For Health Sciences & Technology
- 14. Twelve West
- 15. Annual Energy Use —Americas
- 16. Annual Energy Use —Europe
- 17. Annual Energy Use — Asia Pacific
- 18. ISSUES? • First-cost concerns • Demonstrate financial cost-effectiveness – ROI – Increase in building value – Risk mitigation – Intangibles • Concern over actual building performance – Projects need continuous commissioning – Renewables have to work as planned – Behavioral issues & plug loads must be managed
- 19. TRENDS? • Widespread low-energy design know-how – Cost premium for good design getting smaller • More stringent energy codes (US, EU, AUS) – Reduces first-cost premium for net-zero – Better products at conventional costs • Solar power cost reductions/efficiency gains • Increases in conventional energy costs – Shorter payback for savings • Carbon reduction goals by increased perceived/actual value of green or net-zero buildings
- 20. High Performance Design Approach
- 21. High Performance Buildings • Site selection & orientation • Passive solar design • Building envelope design & construction • Integration of low-energy building systems • Controlling lighting/plug loads • Occupant engagement • Renewable energy systems
- 22. Three Phases & Five Steps To Net-Zero Emissions Building PHASE I: Pre-design Step #1— Organize for zero carbon emissions: Develop plan for learning and approaches Step #2—Accept design conditions: Define environmental, occupant comfort and project financial goals before beginning design. PHASE II: Design and construction Step #3—Resolve the macro-scale: Develop site and architectural strategies that reduce energy needs and optimize energy generation. Step #4—Develop integrated solutions: Define whole building systems to “tunnel through cost barriers.” PHASE III: Stewardship Net Zero Building, Singapore Step #5—Maintain zero: Provide a plan to operate building with Net-zero emissions. (HOK and The Weidt Group, www.netzerocourt.com, 2010)
- 23. Key Elements Of Integrated Design • Reduce loads – Orientation & massing – Envelope & daylighting • Take advantage of climate • Choose efficient & integrated systems • Reduce “safety factors” in engineering design – “belt and suspenders” approach outmoded • Use modeling effectively • Renewables: a last resort!
- 24. Key Elements Of Integrated Design • Reduce loads (>50% of total load) – Lighting – Plug loads – Process loads – Elevators/escalators • Integrate systems – Garage ventilation vs. smoke exhaust – BIPV as sunshades
- 25. Key Elements Of Integrated Design – Take advantage of climate • Eastgate Centre, Harare – Free energy • Sun, wind, water, vegetation, topography, fog, etc. • Daylighting & natural ventilation/economizer cycle • Ground-coupled heat pumps/geo-exchange • Night-flush ventilation – Adaptive thermal comfort • Radiant vs. Convective
- 29. Cost Transfer • Total cost same • Engineering costs lower • Invest more in Architecture • Active to passive systems • Fragile to resilient • Longer life • Less cost over life-cycle • Simpler design
- 30. WHY IDP • Collaboration • Develop synergies • Team-building/trust • Systems integration • Goal-setting • Clearer direction • Blue-sky ideas • Reduced design time • Better design • Transparency of decisions design decisions • Improved overall • Higher-performance decision-making
- 31. HOW IDP • Commit to process • Eco-charrette(s) • Change procurement • Team-building activity methods • Collaborative team • Broaden the team meetings • Set specific • Contractor(s) on board performance goals early • Expect greater time • Stay within budget & in early design construction • Early-stage modeling capabilities • Iterative design vs. goals
- 32. WHEN?
- 33. STARTING EARLY • Identify potential partners/collaborations • Set clear goals and metrics • Establish “must have’s” in design • Don’t re-design at DD/CD phase • Reduce/eliminate “value engineering” • Provide a basis for evaluating design strategies • Initiate a multidisciplinary design approach • Induce creativity from team members
- 34. STARTING EARLY • Ask the right question at the right time! – Do we need this building at all? – How big does it need to be? Now? In 10 years? – Can we design it for alternative uses in the future? – How does carpet & desk color influence lighting design? – What “free energy” can we take advantage of? – How much money is available outside the building budget? – What do the future occupants value most? – What controls can future operators manage? – How will we know if we’re successful?
- 35. USE MODELING EFFECTIVELY • Pre-design: climate analysis/infrastructure issues • Design charrette (goal setting, site design) • Schematic design (shape, massing, daylighting, envelope, HVAC options, base case for energy) • Design development (systems optimization, Green Star progress vs. goals) • Construction documents (value engineering, final energy model, document for Green Star) • Commissioning/M&V (calibrate model, troubleshoot)
- 39. IDP TOOLKIT • Collaborative team • Evaluation & feedback meetings tools & processes • Problem-solving • Expert facilitation workshops • Modeling tools • Specific goals/targets • Green Star/LEED checklist • Tracking tools • Establish Owner’s Project • Clear communication Requirements (OPR) channels • Basis of design document • Team-building activities (BOD)
- 40. IDP OUTCOMES • Clarity in overall project goals & measurements • Clear sustainability goals of owner and project team • Buy-in from all stakeholders • Assess entire building life-cycle – vs. just construction costs • Identify roles and responsibilities early on • Introduce Green Star/LEED & set certification goals
- 41. Exercise • Develop design issues and possible solutions for a building in Cape Town, using integrated design and high- performance goals – Office – Secondary School – University Classroom – Retail store of 50,000 sq.ft.
- 43. Case Study: NREL — Golden, CO, USA Phase I: 20,446 sq.m.; Phase II: 12,825 sq.m. (occupied 18 months later)
- 44. US Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Lab Research Support Facility (RSF)
- 45. Project Procurement • Design/Build • 3 finalists from RFQ process • Design to 10% level to confirm cost • $63 million fixed budget • Government projects • Outside “process” consultant • “Fixed-price, variable-scope” approach
- 46. Project Objectives 1. Mission Critical (3) • Safety • LEED Platinum • Energy Star (US)
- 47. Project Objectives 2. Highly Desirable (15) • 800 staff capacity • Flexible workspace • 25,000 BTU/sq.ft./year • Support future technologies • Architectural integrity • “How to” manual for occupants • Support future staff needs • “Real-time PR” campaign • Meet ASHRAE 90.1-2007 • Secure collaboration with • Support culture and outsiders amenities • Building information modeling • Expandable building • Substantial completion by • Ergonomics 2010 (24 months)
- 48. Project Objectives 3. If Possible (8) • Net-zero design approach • Most energy-efficient building in the world • LEED Platinum “Plus” • ASHRAE 90.1-2007 + 50% • Visual displays of current energy efficiency • Support public tours • National and global recognition and awards • Support reduced personnel turnover
- 50. NREL Integrated Design Process Multiday Eco-Charrette • Kick off competition phase of the project • Include all disciplines in design-build team • Set low-energy goal • Determine ZONE and LEED Platinum/6-Star Green Star best practices and strategies • Develop section first • Explore relationship of site, program, plan, roof and section for low-energy strategies • Begin building simulations early in process.
- 52. The Section 60’ PV System Natural Ventilation Radiant Cooling Thermal Mass Radiant Heating Transpired Workplace Collectors UFAD Daylighting Labyrinth
- 54. East + West Orientations
- 55. Pre-Design Analysis • Shading Studies • Energy Demand • Natural Ventilation • Wall Sections • Window / Wall Ratios • Roof / Floor Ratios • PV Energy Supply
- 56. DOMEST HOT NREL RSF VENT FANS WATER EXT USAGE • Energy Demand 7% 0% LIGHTS 0% PUMPS & AUX 11% LIG 1% TASK LIGHTS TA • Transpired Collectors SPACE COOLING 8% 1% SE SE SE • Thermal Labyrinth SPACE HEATING MI SP 15% • Double-Skin Design SERVER ELEC SP 32% PU VE • Data Center Heat Recovery DO MISC 24% EX SERVER COOL • Data Center Cooling 0% SERVER RM FAN 1% • Natural Ventilation • Daylighting Design Simulations
- 57. LEED Platinum
- 58. Meets Site Energy, Source Energy, Energy Emissions and Energy Cost definitions of ZONE with only the roof and parking PV systems. RSF ROOF 787 KW 3544 MBTU/YR ZONE- Renewable Energy RSF PARKING 540 KW 2432 MBTU/YR
- 59. Beauty in the Numbers Zero
- 60. Take-Aways Green buildings are important for controlling CO2 emissions High-performance buildings are feasible today No new technologies; just new Integrated Design Process Energy use metrics well established at 100-150 kWh/sqm/year
- 61. High-Performance. . . Just Do It!
- 62. Discussion
Editor's Notes
- #6: 2000 workers in bldg.; 700,000 sq.ft.Difficult climate:-35C to +35C (-31F – 95F)22-story solar chimney Passive solar designUrban regenerationGreen roofsPassive moisture control111 kWh/sqm/year;35,000 Btu/sq.ft./yr
- #8: 800 workers in bldg.; 360,000 sq.ft.Design/build; $254/sq.ft.Cold, dry climate - Passive solar design1600-kW Solar PVLabyrinth thermal massDaylighting designControl plug loads111 kWh/sqm/year;35,000 Btu/sq.ft./yr
- #9: Integrated Design Process Critical to SuccessStarted with the Procurement ProcessSet BSAGs – Big, Scary, Audacious Goals
- #10: 200,000-sq.ft., commercial officeVedic architectural designLEED-CS/CILong axis north/south, to maximize morning sunHVAC: Enthalpy wheel, frictionless chillerSpace H/C only 13% 41% less water use182 kWh/sq.m./year;58,000 Btu/sq.ft./yr
- #12: 56,000 sq.ft. academic building; narrow floorplateCold winters, humid summers100-KW BIPV system; 16% of annual electricity4 solar DHW collectorsGeothermal wells; four at 400’ deepRainwater harvesting91 kWh/sq.m./year; 29,000 Btu/sq.ft./yr
- #14: 130,000-sq.ft., 2-story academic buildingSF Bay Area; mild climate35,000-sq.ft. BIPV system; 450 kW (peak)PV >50% of energy use26 miles of horizontal geothermal tubingTwo 16-ft dia., enthalpy (heat recovery) wheels102 kWh/sq.m./year;32,000 Btu/sq.ft./yr
- #16: Double LEED Platinum, CS/CIFour stories commercial office, with17 stories rental apartmentsUnderfloor air w/chilled beamsDesigned to meet 2030 Challenge targets for 20104 turbines produce 1% of demandSolar water heaters provide 24%Operable windowsHarvested rainwater; 6500 sq.ft. green roofEnergy: 138 kWh/sq.m./year; 44,000 Btu/sq.ft.
- #41: Project Team?
- #42: SETTING PROJECT GOALS
- #43: Project Goals
- #44: GREEN-STAR/LEED GOALS?