Historical Theories of Evolution

Historical Theories of Evolution

• 1.
  HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• 2.
  INTRODUCTION The only thingthat goes up and never down is time or age. With time and age, many things change including new constructions, modification as needed to be fittest, destruction of unfit ones and even extinction. All these things are under evolution.
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  BIOCHEMICAL / LIFEPROCESSES Process :- It is any change. Biochemical / Life processes :- These are processes in living bodies to maintain life within them and on earth by reproduction. Anabolism :- These are all constructive life processes. Catabolism :- These are all destructive life processes. Metabolism :- These are all constructive & destructive life processes. Both Anabolism and Catabolism or metabolism occur at any time.
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  ORGANIC EVOLUTION  Origin:-Evolution originate from a Latin word EVOLVERE, means rolling or change. It is continuous change as the changing positions of a rolling ball.  Darwin’s definition :- Evolution means descent with modification(s).  Organic evolution :- It is origin and evolution of life forms on earth.  Evolution :- This involves two processes :-  Origin of life – it means the formation of first life on earth.  Evolution – it means the modifications of originated life to form new life.
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  (CAPACITY TO WORK)(HAVE MASS & VOLUME) (THINGS IN & AROUND EARTH) (PART UNDER STUDY) (REST PART THAN SYSTEM)
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  TYPES OF SYSTEMS Based on exchange of energy and / or matter between system and surrounding, systems may be of three types.  Open System – Here both energy and matters are exchanged between system and surrounding. e. g. Tea in a cup.  Closed System – Here only energy and no matters is exchanged between system and surrounding. e. g. Tea in a an air tight pot.  Isolated System – Here no exchange is between system and surrounding. e. g. Tea in a flask.
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  SPECIAL CREATION THEORY Itbeliefs life to be a mysterious force or vital spirit created by a supernatural power or GOD. It can’t be proved scientifically but accepted on faith. Hindus – Earth and life created by Brahma, managed by Vishnu and destroyed by Shiva. Christians – Creation is of 7 days. 1 – earth & heaven, 2 – sky, 3 – plants & animals, 4 – sun, moon, stars, 5 – birds & fish, 6 – man (Adam) & beasts, 7 – woman (Eve) from 12th rib of man.
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  THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATIONOR ABIOGENESIS John Needham (1748) – He told microbes originated from rotten meat. He had covered some flasks and even heated some with rotten meat but microbes still originated. Fransesco Redi (1665) – He told maggots in rotten meat were larvae from pre laid eggs. Lazzaro Splanzani (1767) – He boiled some flasks, kept meat, sealed them by melting glass at neck, maggots not found, disproved Abiogenesis. Nicolas Apert (1805) – Preserved liquids by boiling extensively in bottles.
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  THEORY OF NON– SPONTANEOUS GENERATION OR BIOGENESIS It tells life always originate from a pre existing life. Louise Pasteur – He put broth in swan neck flasks, they were open to facilitate entry any life force in untreated air. The bend neck of flask prevented entry of microbes and no life appeared in broth.
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  THEORY OF PANSPERMIA Richter(1865) – Life came to earth from some heavenly body. DARWIN’S WARM LITTLE POND He told life originated in a warm little pond from protein came from all sorts of ammonia, phosphoric salts, energy from heat light & electrical discharges.