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History of Internet
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how the Internet originated in the 1960s and has grown significantly over time. It also describes how to access the Internet, defines common terms like websites, URLs, browsers, and search engines. The document outlines the basic types of websites and covers multimedia elements, graphics, audio, video, and virtual reality used on websites. It also discusses publishing websites and e-commerce.
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History of Internet
- 1. The Internet andWorld Wide Web
- 2. Objectives Discuss thehistory of the Internet Explain how to access and connect to the Internet Analyze an IP address Identify the components of a Web address Explain the purpose of a Web browser Search for information on the Web Describe the types of Web sites Recognize how Web pages use graphics, animation, audio, video, virtual reality, and plug-ins Identify the steps required for Web publishing Explain how e-mail, FTP, newsgroups and message boards, mailing lists, chat rooms, Instant messaging, and Internet telephony work Identify the rules of netiquette Next Describe the types of e-commerce
- 3. The Internet Whatare some services found on the Internet ? p. 68 Fig. 2-1 Next
- 4. History of theInternet How did the Internet originate? p. 69 Next Goal: To function if part of network were disabled Became functional September 1969 ARPANET Networking project by Pentagonās Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Goal: To allow scientists at different locations to share information
- 5. History of theInternet How has the Internet grown? p. 69 Today More than 200 million host nodes 1984 More than 1,000 host nodes 1969 Four host nodes Next
- 6. History of theInternet Who controls the Internet? p. 70 No one c ā c it is a public, cooperative, and independent network Several organizations set standards World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Oversees research, sets standards and guidelines Tim Berners-Lee, director Internet2 (I2) Internet-related research and development project Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies Next
- 7. How the InternetWorks How can you connect to the Internet? High-speed connection Slow-speed technology p. 70 Dial-up access modem in your computer uses a standard telephone line to connect to the Internet Digital subscriber line (DSL) , cable telephone Internet services (CATV), cable modem , fixed wireless, and satellite modems Connection is always onā whenever the computer is running Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive Next
- 8. Video: Choosing aBroadband Provider Choose the broadband connection that will best meet your Internet connection needs low quality (click to start) high quality (click to start) Next
- 9. How the InternetWorks What are ways to access the Internet? p. 71 ā 72 Fig. 2-2 ISP , Regional or National OSP (AOL and MSN, for example) Wireless Internet Service Provider Next
- 10. How the InternetWorks How might data travel the Internet using a cable modem connection? p. 73 Fig. 2-3 Next
- 11. How the InternetWorks What is a domain name ? p. 73 Figs. 2-4 ā 2-5 Text version of I nternet p rotocol (IP) address Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet Next
- 12. The World WideWeb p. 75 What is the World Wide Web (WWW) ? Next A worldwide collection of electronic documents Each electronic document is called a Web page Also called the Web Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
- 13. The World WideWeb What is a Web browser ? p. 75 Program that allows you to view Web pages Next Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape Mozilla Opera Safari
- 14. The World WideWeb How does a Web browser display a home page ? p. 75 Fig. 2-6 Step 2. If necessary, connect to the Internet Step 3. Connection to the Internet occurs, and a home page displays Step 1. Click the Web browser program name Next
- 15. The World WideWeb What is a home page ? p. 76 Fig.2-1a The first page that a Web site presents Often provides connections to other Web pages Next
- 16. The World WideWeb How do handheld computers and cellular telephones access the Web? p. 76 Fig. 2-7 Use a microbrowser that displays Web pages that contain mostly text Must be Web-enabled Next
- 17. The World WideWeb What is downloading ? p. 76 The process of a computer receiving information Depending upon connection speed, downloading can take from a few seconds to several minutes Next
- 18. The World WideWeb What is a URL ? p. 76 Fig. 2-8 Unique address for a Web page A web server delivers the Web page to your computer Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Web Addresses below Chapter 2
- 19. The World WideWeb What is a link ? p. 77 Item found elsewhere on same Web page Different Web page at same Web site Web page at a different Web site Built-in connection to another related Web page location Next
- 20. The World WideWeb How can you recognize links? p. 77 Fig. 2-9 A link can be text or an image Pointer changes to a small hand when you point to a link Text links are usually underlined and in a different color Next
- 21. The World WideWeb What is a subject directory ? p. 78 ā 79 Fig. 2-11 Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics Lets you find information by clicking links rather than entering keywords Next
- 22. The World WideWeb What is a search engine ? p. 80 Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text Also called a keyword Next
- 23. The World WideWeb What is a hit? p. 80 Fig. 2-12 Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search Next Step 1. Go to search engine Step 2. Select type of search you want to run Step 4. Click link to view Web site Step 3. View hits
- 24. The World WideWeb What are the nine basic types of Web sites? p. 82 ā 84 Fig. 2-14 Next Portal News Informational Business/Marketing Educational Entertainment Advocacy Blog Personal
- 25. The World WideWeb What is a portal ? p. 82 Fig. 2-14a A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free Searching, sports, e-mail, news, weather, auctions, Web communities (Web sites that join people with similar interests) Next
- 26. The World WideWeb What is a news Web site? p. 82 Fig. 2-14b Contains newsworthy material Stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather Next
- 27. The World WideWeb What is an informational Web site? p. 82 Fig. 2-14c Contains factual information Created by organizations and government agencies Next
- 28. The World WideWeb What is a business/marketing Web site? p. 82 Fig. 2-14d Contains content that promotes products or services Allows you to purchase products or services online Next
- 29. The World WideWeb What is an educational Web site? p. 82 Fig. 2-14e Some companies offer online training for employees Some colleges offer online classes and degrees Offers avenues for formal and informal teaching and learning Next
- 30. The World WideWeb What is an entertainment Web site? p. 84 Fig. 2-14f Offers an interactive and engaging environment featuring music, video, sports, games, and more Next
- 31. The World WideWeb What is an advocacy Web site? p. 84 Fig. 2-14g Contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea Next
- 32. The World WideWeb What is a blog ? p. 84 Fig. 2-14h Uses a regularly updated journal format to reflect the interests, opinions, and personalities of the author and sometimes site visitors Next
- 33. The World WideWeb What is a personal Web site? p. 84 Fig. 2-14i Web page maintained by private individual Reasons: sharing life experience with the world or job hunting Next
- 34. The World WideWeb What are the guidelines for evaluating the value of a Web site? p. 84 Fig. 2-15 Affiliation Audience Authority Content Currency Design Objectivity Next
- 35. The World WideWeb What is multimedia ? p. 85 Fig. 2-16 Application integrating text with other media elements Graphics Animation Audio Video Virtual reality Next
- 36. The World WideWeb What graphics formats are used on the Web? p. 85 Fig. 2-17 BMP GIF (pronounced JIFF) JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg) TIFF PNG (pronounced ping) Next
- 37. The World WideWeb What is a thumbnail? p. 86 Fig. 2-18 Small version of a larger graphic c āused to improve Web page display time Usually click on thumbnail to display larger graphic Next
- 38. The World WideWeb What is animation ? p. 86 Appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence Next
- 39. The World WideWeb What is audio ? p. 86 Fig. 2-20 Music, speech, or any other sound Individual compressed sound files that you download from the Web to your computer Common Web audio file formats are AA, AAC, AIFF, ASF, MP3 , WAV, WMA, RA, and QT Once downloaded, you can play (listen to) the contents of the files Next
- 40. The World WideWeb What is streaming audio ? p. 86 The process of transferring audio in a continuous and even flow Enables you to listen to music as it downloads to your computer Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Streaming Media below Chapter 2
- 41. The World WideWeb What is video ? p. 88 Fig. 2-21 Consists of full-motion images that are played back at various speeds MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group) is popular video compression standard Next
- 42. The World WideWeb What is virtual reality (VR) ? p. 88 Fig. 2-22 Use of computers to simulate real or imagined environment Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space Used for games and many practical applications Next
- 43. The World WideWeb What are plug-ins ? p. 89 Fig. 2-23 Programs that extend the capability of a browser You can download many plug-ins at no cost from various Web sites Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Plug-Ins below Chapter 2
- 44. Web Publishing Whatis Web publishing ? p. 89 Fig. 2-24 Development and maintenance of Web pages Next Step 1. Plan the Web site Step 2. Analyze and design the Web site Step 3. Create the Web site Step 4. Deploy the Web site Step 5. Maintain the Web site
- 45. E-Commerce What is E-commerce ? Business to business (B2B) Business providing goods and services to other businesses Consumer to consumer (C2C) One consumer sells directly to another p. 91 Fig. 2-25 Business to consumer (B2C) Sale of goods to general public Short for electronic commerce Business transaction that occurs over the Internet Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click E-Commerce below Chapter 2
- 46. Other Internet ServicesWhat is E-mail ? p. 92 - 94 Short for electronic mail The transmission of messages and files via a computer network Messages can consist of simple text or can contain attachments, such as documents, graphics, or audio/video clips Internet access providers usually provide an e-mail program Some Web sitesāsuch as MSN Hotmail and Yahoo!āprovide free e-mail services One of the original services on the Internet Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click E-Mail below Chapter 2
- 47. Video: E-mail BasicsLearn how to use e-mail quickly and efficiently low quality (click to start) high quality (click to start) Next
- 48. Other Internet ServicesHow do you send an e-mail message? p. 93 Fig. 2-26 Step 1. Start an e-mail program (Microsoft Outlook, for example) Step 2. Click the New Mail Message button Step 3. Enter the recipientās e-mail address, the subject, and the message Step 4. Click the Insert file button if you want to attach a picture, for example, and click Send Step 5. The recipient opens the message Next
- 49. Other Internet ServicesWhat is an e-mail address ? p. 94 Fig. 2-27 Unique name that consists of a user name and domain name that identifies the user Next
- 50. Other Internet ServicesHow does an e-mail message travel? p. 95 Fig. 2-28 Next Step 1. Using e-mail software, you create and send message Step 2. Your software contacts software on your ISPās outgoing mail server Step 4. When recipient uses e-mail software to check for e-mail messages, the message transfers from incoming mail server to recipientās computer Step 3. Software on outgoing mail server determines best route for data and sends message, which travels along Internet routers to recipientās incoming mail server
- 51. Other Internet ServicesWhat is FTP ? p. 96 Fig. 2-29 F ile T ransfer P rotocol ā Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click FTP below Chapter 2
- 52. Other Internet ServicesWhat are newsgroups and message boards ? p. 95 Fig. 2-30 Newsgroup Many Web sites use message boards because they are easier to use Online area where users discuss a particular subject Message board Type of discussion group Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Newsgroups and Message Boards below Chapter 2
- 53. Other Internet ServicesWhat is a mailing list ? p. 97 Fig. 2-31 Group of e-mail addresses given a single name When a message is sent to the mailing list, everyone on the list receives the message To add your name to a mailing list you must subscribe to it; to remove your name you must unsubscribe Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Mailing Lists below Chapter 2
- 54. Other Internet ServicesWhat is a chat ? p. 98 Fig. 2-32 Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer Chat room is location on server that permits users to discuss topics of interest Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Chat Rooms below Chapter 2
- 55. Other Internet ServicesWhat is instant messaging (IM) ? p. 98 Fig. 2-33 A real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and allows you to exchange messages or files Next Step 2. The server determines if any of your established friends, family, or coworkers, called buddies , are online Step 3. You send instant messages to an online buddy Step 1. Login to the IM server IM Server Step 4. Your Instant Message travels through a messaging server and then to the online buddy messaging Server Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Instant Messaging below Chapter 2
- 56. Other Internet ServicesWhat is internet telephony ? Enables users to speak to other users over the Internet using their computer p. 99 Fig. 2-34 Next
- 57. Netiquette What is netiquette ? p. 100 Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like them to treat you. Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet Next
- 58. Summary of theInternet and World Wide Web History and structure of the Internet The World Wide Web Web Publishing Electronic commerce Other Internet services Netiquette