Sociology Honors Research: Societal Factors and the Human-Water Relationship

Sociology Honors Research: Societal Factors and the Human-Water Relationship

• 1.
  Lauren Anderson
• 2.
   Water issues:United Nation’s 6th Millennium Goal  World’s population exponentially increasing (80 mil/yr.)  Water demand exponentially increasing 64K liters/ year  Changes in lifestyle preferences significantly influence relationship with water.  Previous research (Waylen et al. 2012) emphasizes need to evaluate social contexts to understand this upcoming human-water relationship.
• 3.
   Sustainable (Harmonious)Human-Water Relationship  Views water issues (pollution, quality, sewage, sanitation) as serious  Unsustainable (Disharmonious) Human- Water Relationship  Views water issues as non-serious
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   Gender hasbeen identified as a significant predictor in human’s relationship with water  Higher education levels have been found to be a significant predictor of a sustainable human-water relationship.  Individuals who identify as part of the upper class are correlated with unsustainable human-water relationships.  Certain religious denominations report more sustainable relationships with water.  Individuals who view competition as harmful have been found to have more sustainable relationships with water as they represent a collectivist culture.
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   Consumption theory(Marxist analysis)  Increasing wealth, natural resources consumed at ever-increasing demand  Stimulated by social competition  Societal indicators determine social relations of consumption, inequality focused
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   Hypothesis 1:Therewill be a significant relationship between religious denomination and a sustainable human-water relationship.  Hypothesis 2:The upper class has a more disharmonious relationship with water.  Hypothesis 3: Respondents from collectivist cultures are more likely to have a sustainable relationship with water.
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   Hypothesis 4:Females will have a more sustainable relationship with water than males.  Hypothesis 5: Individuals with higher levels of education will have a more sustainable relationship with water.
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   2005-08 FifthWaveWorldValuesSurvey  Unit of analysis: 4250 adults, ages 18 and older, residing in Chile, India and the United States
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  Chile Valid % India Valid % USA Valid% Severity of poor water quality in your own community N= 986 N= 1808 N=1216 Unsustainable Attitudes towards water practices 44.5% 18.4 % 37.5% Sustainable Attitudes towards water practices 55.5% 81.6% 62.5% Severity of poor sewage and sanitation worldwide N=990 N=1710 N=1208 Unsustainable Attitudes towards water practices 35.0% 22.2% 41.4% Sustainable Attitudes towards water practices 65.0% 77.8% 58.6% Severity of pollution of rivers, lakes, and oceans worldwide N= 973 N= 1621 N=1210 Unsustainable Attitudes towards water practices 2.5 % 17.3 % 6.2% Sustainable Attitudes towards water practices 97.5% 82.7% 93.8%
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  IndependentVariable How serious ispoor water quality in your community How serious is poor sewage and sanitation worldwide How serious is global water pollution Gender (0=Male, 1=Female) 0.056 0.004 0.053 Religious Denomination (0= Roman Catholic, 1= Other) .070* 0.054 -0.008 Social Class (0=Lower Class, 1= Upper Class) -0.056 -.073* -0.019 EducationalAttainment (0= No formal education, 9= University-level education, with degree) -.116** -.120** .077* View towardsCompetition (0= Competition is good, 1= Competition is harmful) .075* .134** 0.006 **p<.01 *p< .05
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  IndependentVariable How serious ispoor water quality in your community How serious is poor sewage and sanitation worldwide How serious is global water pollution Gender (0=Male, 1=Female) -0.005 -0.024 -0.01 Religious Denomination (0= Roman Catholic, 1= Other) 0.029 0.029 -0.018 Social Class (0=Lower Class, 1= Upper Class) 0.023 .126** .051* EducationalAttainment (0= No formal education, 9= University-level education, with degree) -0.026 .126** 0.037 View towardsCompetition (0= Competition is good, 1= Competition is harmful) -0.048 -0.023 -.084** **p<.01 *p<.05
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  IndependentVariable How serious ispoor water quality in your community How serious is poor sewage and sanitation worldwide How serious is global water pollution Gender (0=Male, 1=Female) -0.034 -0.026 .059* Religious Denomination (0= Roman Catholic, 1= Other) 0.02 0.005 0.015 Social Class (0=Lower Class, 1= Upper Class) -0.027 -.101** -0.034 EducationalAttainment (0= No formal education, 9= University-level education, with degree) -0.035 -.097** -0.002 View towardsCompetition (0= Competition is good, 1= Competition is harmful) .108** .128** 0.008 **p< .01 *p<.05
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  IndependentVariable Regression Model 1 Viewtowards community’s poor water quality Coefficient p-value Exp (B) (B) Regression Model 2 View towards global poor sewage & sanitation Coefficient p-value Exp (B) (B) Regression Model 3 View towards global water pollution Coefficient p-value Exp (B) (B) Gender (0=Male, 1= Female) .203 .184 1.225 .017 .913 1.018 .806 .072 2.238 Religious Denomination (0= Roman Catholic, 1= Other) -.371 .051 .690 -.271 .169 .762 .153 .766 1.165 Social Class (0=Lower Class, 1= Upper Class) .064 .706 .938 .104 .561 1.110 -.731 .109 .481 Education Level (0= No formal education, 9= University-level, with degree) -.127** .000 .881 -.131** .000 .877 .445* .002 1.561 View towards competition (0=View competition as good, 10= View competition as harmful) .030 .309 1.031 .084 .008 1.087 .012 .891 1.012 Cox and Snell R square: .037 Nagel Kerke R square:.050 Cox and Snell R square: .039 Nagel Kerke R square: .053 Cox and Snell R square: .022 . Nagel Kerke R square: .091 .
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  IndependentVariable Regression Model 1 Viewtowards community’s poor water quality Coefficient p-value Exp (B) (B) Regression Model 2 View towards global poor sewage & sanitation Coefficient p-value Exp (B) (B) Regression Model 3 View towards global water pollution Coefficient p-value Exp (B) (B) Gender (0=Male, 1= Female) -.149 .276 .861 -.039 .775 .962 -.173 .252 .841 Religious Denomination (0= Roman Catholic, 1= Other) -.578* .001 .561 -.227 .168 .797 -.130 .472 .878 Social Class (0=Lower Class, 1= Upper Class) .271 .061 1.312 .500 .000 1.640 .226 .154 .915 Education Level (0= No formal education, 9= University-level, with degree) -.038 .268 .962 .120 .000 1.128 .028 .467 1.028 View towards competition (0=View competition as good, 10= View competition as harmful) -.060* .009 .942 -.014 .571 .987 -.089 .000 .915 Cox and Snell R square: .015 Nagel Kerke R square:.023 Cox and Snell R square: .032 Nagel Kerke R square: .049 Cox and Snell R square: .016 . Nagel Kerke çR square: .023 .
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  Independent Variable Regression Model 1 Viewtowards community’s poor water quality Coefficient p-value Exp (B) (B) Regression Model 2 View towards global poor sewage & sanitation Coefficient p-value Exp (B) (B) Regression Model 3 View towards global water pollution Coefficient p-value Exp (B) (B) Gender (0=Male, 1= Female) .-.278 .055 .757 -.244 .086 .784 .538 .102 1.712 Religious Denomination (0= Roman Catholic, 1= Other) -.088 .541 .916 -.034 .813 .967 -.157 .628 .855 Social Class (0=Lower Class, 1= Upper Class) -.037 .820 .964 -.220 .167 .802 -1.188* .011 .305 Education Level (0= No formal education, 9= University-level, with degree) -.008 .888 .992 -.074 .186 .928 .132 .309 1.142 View towards competition (0=View competition as good, 10=View competition as harmful) .132** .000 1.141 .131** .000 1.141 .135 .147 1.144 Cox and Snell R square: .019 Nagel Kerke R square:.027 Cox and Snell R square: .027 Nagel Kerke R square:.036 Cox and Snell R square: .017 Nagel Kerke R square:.052
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  View towards community’s poorwater quality View towards global poor sewage and sanitation View towards global water pollution Chileans with lower levels of education are more likely to view their community’s poor water quality as a serious issue. Chilean’s with less education are 87.7% more likely to view global sewage and sanitation as a serious issue. Chileans with higher levels of education are 56.1% more likely to view global water pollution as a serious issue.
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  View towards community’s poorwater quality View towards global poor sewage and sanitation View towards global water pollution Indians of the Hindu faith that view competition as good are less likely to view their community’s poor water quality as a serious issue. Indians who identify as part of the upper class and have a higher level of education are more likely to view this water issue as serious. Indians who view competition as good are 8.5% less likely to view global water pollution as a serious issue.
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  View towards community’spoor water quality & global poor sewage and sanitation View towards global water pollution Americans who view competition as good are 14.1% more likely to view these water issues are serious. Americans who identify as part of the upper class are 69.5% less likely to view global water pollution as a serious issue.
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   Lack ofprior research  Not generalizable to every country  Secondary Data Analysis  Questions limited in context
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   Human-Water Relationshipof UWL students  Consumption rates & views measured  Societal indicators included:  Gender, age, rural vs. urban background, college affiliation