Hoofed mammals 1

Hoofed mammals 1

• 1.
  Hoofed Mammals Introductionand Terms
• 2.
  Terms Ungulates –Mammals with hooves Cloven hoof – Hoof is divided into two parts Ruminant – animals whose stomach is divided into 4 compartments that allow them to digest fibrous foods such as grasses, twigs & leaves
• 3.
  Ruminant Digestion Bacteriahave a symbiotic relationship with the ruminant Bacteria in the rumen break cellulose & lignin down into simple carbohydrates that can be absorbed in the intestine Ruminants “chew their cud” – regurgitate food and chew it further to aid digestion.
• 4.
  Ruminant digestive systemReticulum – First compartment is connected to the rumen. Microbial digestion of foods begin Dense food particles are trapped and held until the breakdown Rumen Omasum Abomasum In Out
• 5.
  Ruminant digestive system Reticulum Rumen – largest section two sacs functions as a fermentation vat for bacteria Releases gases from bacterial digestion Omasum Abomasum In Out Rumen
• 6.
  Ruminant digestive system Reticulum Rumen Omasum sieves large particles regulates passage of feed to the abomasum begins water absorption.  Abomasum In Out Rumen
• 7.
  Ruminant digestive system Reticulum Rumen Omasum   Abomasum – The true stomach Secretes digestive enzymes Begins absorption of nutrients In Out Rumen
• 8.
  Horns & AntlersHorns do not shed annually Except in pronghorns Horns have two layers Interior layer of bone Exterior layer of protein like fingernails Can be found on males & females Antlers are shed each year They are true bone and are a single structure Usually found on males Antlers are covered with velvet a covering of skin and hair that has a network of blood vessels
• 9.
  North American UngulatesPronghorns Moose Elk Caribou Deer Mule White-tailed Black-tailed Bison Musk Ox Sheep Bighorn Dall’s Mountain Goats Peccary Horses – not native Burros – not native
• 10.
  Virginia Ungulates White-tailedDeer Elk – being reintroduced in Southwest Va Horses – range limited to coastal islands