How to control plaque

How to control plaque

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  HOW TO CONTROLPLAQUEDR. AAKIFA JAVED ARIANALTAMASH INSTITUTE OF DENTAL MEDICINE
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  PLAQUE: Plaque is a soft deposit that form thebiofilm adhering to the tooth surface.It cannot be rinsed but removed by brushing.
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  Plaque is afirmly adherent mass of bacteria in a mucopolysaccharide matrix.What Do We Mean By PLAQUE CONTROLPlaque Control is the removal of dental/ microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues. It also deals with the prevention of calculus formation.
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  Plaqueis the major etiology of PERIDONTAL Disease & is related to Dental CARIES; therefore, gaining patient cooperation in daily plaque REMOVAL is success of ALL periodontal and dental treatment.Remember……..!!!Plaque: Plaque is a white, sticky substance that builds up every day around your teeth and gums, and on dental appliances.
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  Plaque canbe removed with daily brushing, flossing, and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash.
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  If plaqueis not removed it hardens into calculus.Calculus: Once plaque has been allowed to remain it calcifies. Onlya dental professional can then remove calculus.PlaqueCalculus
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  BrushPlaque builds within hours. Brushing your teeth helps oral health because it removes plaque from the surfaces of your teeth and gums. FlossBecause periodontal disease often begins in areas your toothbrush cannot reach, it’s important to remove plaque from between teeth and just below your gumline by flossing. RinseDaily rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash may add to the benefits of brushing and flossing by reducing plaque between crowded teeth and around hard-to-reach molars.
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  Methods of PlaqueControl:Mechanical Plaque Control Methods.2. Chemical Plaque Control Methods.
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  Mechanical Plaque ControlAids:2) Interdental Aids:Dental FlossTriangular Tooth PicksInterdental BrushesSuperflossPerio-Aid1) ToothBrushes:Manual ToothbrushElectrical Toothbrush4) Others:Gauze StripsPipe Cleanserswater Irrigation Device3) Aids for Gingival Stimulation:Rubber Tip Stimulator5) Aids for Completely or Partially Edentulous Patients:Denture & Partial Clasp BrushesCleansing Solutions
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  Chemical Plaque ControlAgentsThe Chemical agents which act on the Plaque ultrastructurally and prevent the formation of Plaque are usefull in Prevention than in a cure.
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  Chemical Plaque ControlAgents are:Dentifrices/ Toothpastes2. Mouth Rinsesi. Chlorhexidine Rinse ii. Essential Oil Rinse
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  Chemical inhibitors ofplaque & calculus that are incorporated in mouthwashes or dentifrices play important roles in plaque control.DO YOU KNW……..??
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  TOOTHPASTE / DENTIFRICESToothpastecalled as dentifrice, is an inclusive term used to describe a powder, paste or gel, used with a toothbrush to aid in the removal of plaque, biofilm, materia alba, and stain from teeth and soft tissue.PURPOSECleaning
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  Polishing
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  Removal of stains
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  Reduce incidence oftooth decayToothpaste ContentsAbrasives (20%-40%)
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  Flavor- (2%) pleasantand must be associated with a “clean” feeling. E.g. Mint flavor
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  Colouring agent (2%)
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  Binders (2%)
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  Humectants (20%-40%)
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  Detergents (1%-2%)
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  Flavoring agent (2%)
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  Preservatives (<1%)
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  Sweetening agents (2%)
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  Water (20%-40%)AbrasiveAlso calledas polishing agent
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  Solid, insoluble particles
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  Potential for fluorideinteraction
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  Causing abrasion
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  Remove debris andresidual strain from teethExamples of Abrasives:Aluminium oxide
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  Calcium pyrophosphate
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  Carbonates like sodiumbicarbonate, calcium carbonate
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  silicasBinders To provideconsistency and shape.
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  Keep the solidphase properly suspended in the liquid phase .
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  Prevent the toothpastefrom drying out.
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  Contribute to thecreamy consistency of the toothpaste and hence, control the viscosity.
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  Provide body tothe dentrifice, especially after extrusion from the tube onto the toothbrush.Examples of Binders:Polymers like Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)
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  Alginate
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  Gums HumectantsUsed in toothpaste to prevent loss of water and subsequent hardening of the product upon exposure to air.
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  Affect taste perceptionExamples:Glycerine
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  Sorbitol
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  Polyethylene glycol
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  Mannitol
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  Propylene glycolSweeteners andFlavorsSweeteners: sodium saccharin, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol
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  Flavors: improve tasteof toothpasteE.g: peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, menthol, cinnamonSurfactants Function: Produce foam and aid in the removal of debris.
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  Emulsifies flavoring agents.
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  High level maycause mucosal irritation.
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  May react withother toothpaste components.Examples:Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
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  Sodium N-LaurylSarcosinate
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  Polyethylene glycol (PEG)FluorideActivesFunction: Increases resistance to enamel solubility.
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  Restricted usage level(for adults it must be within 1000 to 1450 ppm and for children not more than 1000ppm)Examples:Sodium fluoride
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  Sodium monofluorophosphate
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  Stannous fluoridePreservatives andSolventsFunction of Preservatives: prevent the growth of micro organisms such as mold and bacteria in the toothpaste.
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  Non-irritating
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  Compatible with otheringredients
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  Examples: alcohols, sodiumbenzoate, dichlorinated phenols
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  Function of Solvents:
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  dissolves the ingredientsand allows them to be mixed.
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  Water is themost common solvent used.Therapeutic AgentsAnti-caries agents: sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate
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  Anti-plaque: Sodium LaurylSulphate, Triclosane, Zinc and Stannous ions
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  Anti-calculus: Pyrophosphate
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  Anti-dentin hypersensitivity: Potassiumsalts
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  Whitening agents: Papain,DimethiconeDifferent types of toothpasteAnti-Caries / Cavity Protection toothpastes contain fluoride to stop tooth enamel decalcification and protect teeth from tooth decay and cavities.
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  Plaque &Gingivitis Prevention toothpastes have additional antibacterial ingredients to fight the growth of bacteria and the formation of dental plaque.
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  Tooth Whitening toothpasteshave either higher abrasion value than normal tootpastes to mechanically remove food, smoking and other stains from teeth, or/and special ingredients as Peroxide for teeth bleaching and whitening.
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  Sensitivity toothpastes containdesensitising agents to relief those with tooth sensitivity problems from the acute pain when teeth are exposed to hot or cold temperatures or sweet and sour foods.
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  Tartar Control toothpastescontain pyrophosphates that reduce new tartar build-up (but they can't remove the existing tartar).
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  Fresh Breath toothpastescontain enhanced flavoring agents along with antibacterials to fight halitosis and provide fresher breath. Some toxic components of a toothpasteFluorides: in higher levels cause fluorosisAppear as tiny white streaks or specks
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  Severe form- mottlingof enamel, pitting and cracking of teeth, black and brown stains.Titanium dioxide: if inhaled can cause lung damageSodium saccharin: FDA lists it as a possible carcinogen21
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  MOUTH RINSESChlorhexidine Rinse:Thisagent has the most positive antibacterial results to date.Have pronounced antiseptic properties.Inhibit the development of plaque, calculus and gingivitis.Side Effects:Brown staining of the teeth, tongue and silicate resin restorationsTransient impairment of taste perception.Chlorhexidine Preparation contains:12% alcoholEssential Oil Rinse:Reduces plaque 2o-35% and gingivitis reduction of 25-35%Essential Oil Preparation Contains:Thymol
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  Eucalyptol
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  Menthol
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  Methyl Salicylate
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  Alcohol (up to24% depending on the preparation)