Turbulent Flow
Definition:
Turbulent flowoccurs when the fluid motion becomes
chaotic, with irregular and swirling eddies.
Characteristics:
High velocity
Random fluctuations in velocity and pressure.
High energy dissipation
Example: Water flowing through a pipe at high speeds or
wind blowing past a building.
3.
REYNOLDS EXPERIMENT
The Reynoldsexperiment conducted by Osborne Reynolds
in 1883 demonstrated the transition from laminar to
turbulent flow. By introducing dye into water flowing
through a pipe, Reynolds observed how flow patterns
changed, leading to the development of the Reynolds
number. This dimensionless number helps predict flow
regimes in various fluid systems.
4.
Re = ρV D /μ
Where,
V = Flow velocity of the Hydraulic fluid i.e. liquid (m/s)
D = Diameter of pipe (m)
μ = viscosity (poise)
Flow Regimes:
• Re < 2000: Laminar flow
• 2000 < Re < 4000: Transitional flow
• Re > 4000: Turbulent flow
5.
FRICTIONAL LOSS INPIPE FLOW
The Darcy-Weisbach equation is an empirical equation named after
Henry Darcy and Julius Weisbach. It relates the loss of pressure or
head loss due to friction to the average velocity of the fluid flow for
an incompressible fluid.
6.
Darcy-Weisbach equation
hf =f (L/D) x (v^2/2g)
where:
hf = head loss (m)
f = friction factor
L = length of pipe work (m)
d = inner diameter of pipe work (m)
v = velocity of fluid (m/s)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)
