Human language

Human language

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  HUMAN LANGUAGE VS ANIMAL COMMUNICATION Daphne TungaAnak Engkamat Jude Michelle Anak Pohie
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  Characteristics of human language Socialtool - Communication (People of our own culture , other culture & ancient cultures To be learned -Mother-tongue(first) -Other languages (English, BM & etc) Has sounds & meanings -Human lang is arbitrary -Has duality. -Has basic sounds e.g. English basic sounds Has language rules & meanings - guide how parts of language can be combined -Grammar rules -Sound rules -Generates creativity -Infinite variety of messages
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  Variety (human language) Can referto more than one thing Things can be called more than one name. Words can be combined in a variety of ways.
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  ANIMAL COMMUNICATION 1. Passageof information between two animals(Biological communication). 2. Study of animal communication-zoosemiotics. TYPES OF ANIMAL COMMUNICATION 1. Intraspecific communication-within a single species. e.g. Honeybee(dance) 2. Insterspecific communication - more than one species
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  Functions of Communications 1.Agonistic interaction (threats display during competition). 2. Mating rituals, attract & maintain attention of potential mates. 3. Ownership/territorality 4. Food-related signals-lead members to a food source. 5. Alarm calls-Warn of threat from predators.
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  INTER- SPECIFIC COMM Prey to predator e.gwarning colouration in wasp Predator to prey -Some predators comm to prey, make them easier to catch. Human/animal communication -Domestication of animals
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  BASIC COMPONENTS OFANIMAL COMMUNICATION 1. Signaller- Emits signal 2. Receiver-Receives signal 3. Signal-The behaviour emitted by the signaller 4. Channels-A pathway through which normally a signal travels. Channels - Visual - Auditory - Chemical
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  1. Visual communication -Information transmitted by visual means(movement, posture/shape of body, facial expressions, colour identifications & display & light). Honeybee(movement) -Performs two types of dances(communicate through dancing). a) Round dance - Indicating food is nearby - Dancing bee will ask working bees to distribute food to other bees. b)Waggle dance - Wags abdomen, vigorously sideways. - Creates angle that bee adopts, represents the angle in which food is found
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  Honeybee dance movement.
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  Posture/Shape of Body
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  Facial Expressions e.g. Facialexpressions of a chimpanzee
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  Colours & Display Goldfinch Hasbright yellow body (mating season) Male Peacock Visual display(feathers), part of courtship rituals.
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  Light(Bioluminescence) - Communicate vialight signals(some animals & insects). e.g. Anglerfish & firefly Anglerfish - Deep down the ocean (midnight zone & abyss) - Sunlight cant reach. Firefly
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  Auditory Communication - Sendinfo by sound productions(auditory signals/bioacoustic signal). - Good means of communication over long distance. e.g. bottlenose dolphins Bottlenose Dolphin -Wide range of vocalizations. - Has unique whistlings, to identify itself.
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  Odour/Chemical Communication -Pheromones (usedfor chemical communication). -Involved in mate identification, marking territory & alarm spreading. e.g. Skunk Spray liquid with strong odour. Canines & Dog Families -Use urine - Mark boundaries of their territories.
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  Differences. . . Communication Asender provides info to a receiver through a signal(interpret exchange) Human language possesses a number of significant qualities. No animal can combine sounds & gestures. Relationship between sound of a word & its meaning almost always arbitrary in human, animals often biologically fixed. Humans do something quite significant with their language. Animals no.