Human-relations (1).pptxajajjajjajajjajaj

Human relations
Republic Act No. 386, Civil Code of
the Philippines

ARTICLE 19.
Every person must, in the exercise
of his rights and in the
performance of his duties, act
with justice, give everyone his
due, and observe honesty and
good faith.

ARTICLE 20.
Every person who, contrary to law,
wilfully or negligently causes
damage to another, shall indemnify
the latter for the same.

ARTICLE 21.
Any person who wilfully causes
loss or injury to another in a
manner that is contrary to
morals, good customs or public
policy shall compensate the latter
for the damage.

ARTICLE 22.
Every person who through an act of
performance by another, or any other
means, acquires or comes into
possession of something at the expense
of the latter without just or legal
ground, shall return the same to him.

ARTICLE 23.
Even when an act or event causing
damage to another’s property was not
due to the fault or negligence of the
defendant, the latter shall be liable for
indemnity if through the act or event
he was benefited.

ARTICLE 24.
In all contractual, property or other
relations, when one of the parties is
at a disadvantage on account of his
moral dependence, ignorance,
indigence, mental weakness, tender
age or other handicap, the courts
must be vigilant for his protection.

ARTICLE 25.
Thoughtless extravagance in expenses
for pleasure or display during a period
of acute public want or emergency may
be stopped by order of the courts at the
instance of any government or private
charitable institution.

ARTICLE 26.
Every person shall respect the dignity,
personality, privacy and peace of mind of
his neighbors and other persons. The
following and similar acts, though they may
not constitute a criminal offense, shall
produce a cause of action for damages,
prevention and other relief:

ARTICLE 27.
Any person suffering material or moral
loss because a public servant or employee
refuses or neglects, without just cause, to
perform his official duty may file an
action for damages and other relief
against the latter, without prejudice to
any disciplinary administrative action
that may be taken.

ARTICLE 28.
Unfair competition in agricultural,
commercial or industrial enterprises or in
labor through the use of force,
intimidation, deceit, machination or any
other unjust, oppressive or highhanded
method shall give rise to a right of action
by the person who thereby suffers
damage.

ARTICLE 29.
When the accused in a criminal prosecution is
acquitted on the ground that his guilt has not
been proved beyond reasonable doubt, a civil
action for damages for the same act or omission
may be instituted. Such action requires only a
preponderance of evidence. Upon motion of the
defendant, the court may require the plaintiff to
file a bond to answer for damages in case the
complaint should be found to be malicious.

ARTICLE 30.
When a separate civil action is brought to
demand civil liability arising from a
criminal offense, and no criminal
proceedings are instituted during the
pendency of the civil case, a preponderance
of evidence shall likewise be sufficient to
prove the act complained of.

ARTICLE 31.
When the civil action is based on an
obligation not arising from the act or
omission complained of as a felony, such
civil action may proceed independently of
the criminal proceedings and regardless
of the result of the latter.

ARTICLE 32.
Any public officer or employee, or any
private individual, who directly or indirectly
obstructs, defeats, violates or in any
manner impedes or impairs any of the
following rights and liberties of another
person shall be liable to the latter for
damages

ARTICLE 33.
In cases of defamation, fraud, and physical
injuries, a civil action for damages, entirely
separate and distinct from the criminal
action, may be brought by the injured party.
Such civil action shall proceed
independently of the criminal prosecution,
and shall require only a preponderance of
evidence.

ARTICLE 34.
When a member of a city or municipal police force
refuses or fails to render aid or protection to any
person in case of danger to life or property, such
peace officer shall be primarily liable for damages,
and the city or municipality shall be subsidiarily
responsible therefor. The civil action herein
recognized shall be independent of any criminal
proceedings, and a preponderance of evidence shall
suffice to support such action.

ARTICLE 35.
When a person, claiming to be injured by a criminal
offense, charges another with the same, for which no
independent civil action is granted in this Code or any
special law, but the justice of the peace finds no
reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has been
committed, or the prosecuting attorney refuses or fails to
institute criminal proceedings, the complainant may
bring a civil action for damages against the alleged
offender. Such civil action may be supported by a
preponderance of evidence. Upon the defendant’s motion,
the court may require the plaintiff to file a bond to
indemnify the defendant in case the complaint should be
found to be malicious.

ARTICLE 36.
Pre-judicial questions, which must be
decided before any criminal prosecution
may be instituted or may proceed, shall
be governed by rules of court which the
Supreme Court shall promulgate and
which shall not be in conflict with the
provisions of this Code.

Chapter 2 of the Civil Code outlines fundamental principles governing
human relations in civil law. These articles establish guidelines for ethical
conduct, liability for damages, protection of rights, and legal remedies in
various situations. The chapter emphasizes justice, honesty, good faith,
and the protection of disadvantaged individuals in legal matters.

Human-relations (1).pptxajajjajjajajjajaj

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