Hybrid cars

Hybrid cars

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  HYBRID CARS BY:-PANKAJ 2814479
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  CONTENT • Introduction • Whatmakes it a hybrid? • Evolution of hybrid cars • Why hybrid cars? • Components, model and hoe it works? • Variants • Hybrid performance, efficiency and maintenance • Advanced technologies • Advantages and disadvantages • Conclusion
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  INTRODUCTION • In anera where energy conservation is developing “trends” not only among the learned but also among the ordinary responsible citizens. • Fuel efficiency along with the minimum pollution has become the benchmark for any new automobile. • In the same context “Hybrid Cars” come as the latest addition.
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  WHAT MAKE ITA HYBRID • Any vehicle is hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. • A simple example: • A mo-ped(a motorized pedal bike) is a type of hybrid because it combines the power of a gasoline engine with the pedal power of its rider. • A hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) combines the power of a conventional internal combustion engine with an electric with an electric motor.
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  EVOLUTION OF HYBRIDCARS • 1839: First electric vehicle • 1898: Ferdin and Porsche built a hybrid • 1905: Gas Electric car • 1997: Toyota Prius available in japan • 1999: Honda Insight release in US(70 mpg) • 2002: Honda Civic hybrid launched • 2004: Toyota Prius ii introduced, ford escaped hybrid introduced • 2007: Toyota Highlander hybrid • 2009: Mercedes Benz s400 blue hybrid(first lithium-ion battery hybrid and first Mercedes hybrid) • 2010: Mazda tribute cross over
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  WHY HYBRID CARS •As there is a constant rise in the fuel prices, it is a must for us to look for alternatives such as hybrids. • Hybrids have the optimum mileage in its class. • Dependency on fossil fuel can be decreased. • The produced much less emissions and use about 50% less fuel then the average new vehicle in the same class(Partial-zero emissions). • Regenerative braking actually make city driving more economically then on the highway • Plug-in hybrid vehicle eventually can be charged at parking locations using renewable energy. They will use at least half as much fuel as the hybrids.
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  GLOBAL WARMING: STILLAN ISSUE • Hybrids are less-emission vehicles. • Will cut down emissions of global-warming pollutants from 1/3 to1/2. • Later models may cut down these emission even more.
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  BASIC COMPONENTS OFHYBRID CARS • IC engines • Electric motor • Batteries • Transmission
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  HOW HYBRID CARWORKS • Hybrid cars integrate the power of the conventional gasoline engine with that of an electric motor. • A high power battery pack provides energy to the motor which it self get recharged when the car is decelerating. • The gas engine can also assist the battery recharging, which kills the need to plug the car to an external source of energy • Mild hybrids are incapable of independently operating the vehicle. • The electric motor acts as a side-kick to the gas engine, assisting it whenever surplus power is needed • The IC engine installed in hybrid cars are often smaller than those in normal cars for a simple reasonthat hybrid have the electric motor for assistance.
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  VARIANTS OF HYBRIDS •Parallel hybrid EX: Honda Insight
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  • Series hybrid Ex:Chevrolet volt
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  HYBRID PERFORMANCE • Thekey factor for the hybrid car is its ability to use a smaller engine. • The hybrid engine is sized for running at the average power not the peak. • When it does reach that point that it need help up a hill or to pass someone, it draws extra power from the batteries to run the electric motor to get the job
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  HYBRID EFFICIENCY • Shutsthe engine off at low speeds • Recover energy and store it into battery. • Displacement of cylinder is small so less fuel consumption • They use electric power at start and stops • They use the gasoline engine at cruising speeds • Smaller engines are more efficient.
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  HYBRID MAINTENANCE • Warranties: •The average warranty for a hybrid now is around either 8yr/100,000 miles or even10yr/150,000 miles. • Brake pads: No maintenance. • Batteries: $6800 for new Toyota and honda hybrid but batteries tested to go for 180,000 miles and more.
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  ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES • Regeneratingbraking • Electric motor drive assist • Automatic start/shutoff
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  RECENT ADVANCEMENTS Revolution inbattery technology: • Today’s automotive starter batteries :lead-acid. • RAV4 EV(Toyota Prius hybrid battery): nickel metal-hybrid • New batteries based on lithium-ion or Li-polymer:5x lighter for same energy • These advancements make it possible for larger battery store in vehicle
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  CONTD…. BMW bright idea: •BMW has moved onto the hybrid gas electric vehicle, with X3suv that feature super capacitors instead of batteries to store energy. • The super caps are safely designed so that in case of accidents they discharged immediately , so as to avoid further possible damage.
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  ADVANTAGES • Excellent gasmileage • Fewer tailpipe emissions • Lighter batteries than electric vehicles • Regenerating braking system that store electric energy in batteries • Uses less fuel to recharge batteries • 20%-25% better mileage than ICE • 30% reduction in emissions • Less maintenance compared • To conventional cars • Increased engine life
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  DISADVANTAGES • Reduced, butnot emission-free. • HECs are partial zero-emission vehicle (PZEVs)-they produce zero emission only when engine is not running. • Slightly expensive than conventional vehicles. • Has a payback period in average use. • Batteries are expensive and are toxic waste.
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  CONCLUSION • Present dayautomobile, not only stress on power, performance & luxury, but also focuses in emissions, efficiency & reliability. • The demand for fossil fuels will be at a critical stages in the coming future, resulting in high prices of fuels. • The present emission rates from the vehicles are so high are so high that they add to the global warming. • There is a need for clean & less emission vehicles. • Hence, hybrids are the vehicles of the future.