Hybrid_Electric_ Vehicle_very_important_pdf_projects_research_internship_helpful_for_internship (1) (1).pptx

Hybrid_Electric_ Vehicle_very_important_pdf_projects_research_internship_helpful_for_internship (1) (1).pptx

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  CONTENTS INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS OF HEV TYPESOF HEV ANDTHEIR WORKING GROWTH OF HEV MARKET SIZE ADVANTAGES OF HEV DISADVANTAGES OF HEV FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSION
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  INTRODUCTION Definition : Hybridelectric vehicles (HEVs) are vehicles that use a combination of an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor to power the vehicle. Brief history of HEVs: The first HEV was introduced by Toyota in 1997 with the launch of the Prius. Since then, many other manufacturers have introduced HEVs into their lineup.
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  COMPONENTS OF HEV Battery (auxiliary): In an electric drive vehicle, the low-voltage auxiliary battery provides electricity to start the car before the traction battery is engaged; it also powers vehicle accessories.  Internal combustion engine (spark-ignited): In this configuration, fuel is injected into either the intake manifold or the combustion chamber, where it is combined with air, and the air/fuel mixture is ignited by the spark from a spark plug.  Electric generator: Generates electricity from the rotating wheels while braking, transferring that energy back to the traction battery pack. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration functions.
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   Fuel tank(gasoline): This tank stores gasoline on board the vehicle until it's needed by the engine.  Transmission: The transmission transfers mechanical power from the engine and/or electric traction motor to drive the wheels. • Electric traction motor: Using power from the traction battery pack, this motor drives the vehicle's wheels. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration functions.  DC/DC converter: This device converts higher-voltage DC power from the traction battery pack to the lower- voltage DC power needed to run vehicle accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.
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  Regenerative braking system:An HEV uses regenerative braking to capture energy that is typically lost during braking. The system converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy, which is then stored in the battery pack.
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  TYPES OF HEV 1)SERIESHYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE  A series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle where an electric motor is the only source of power to the wheels.  In this configuration, the internal combustion engine (ICE) is used only as a generator to recharge the battery pack that powers the electric motor.  The ICE is not connected to the wheels and does not drive the vehicle directly.  The advantage of a series hybrid electric vehicle is that the ICE can be optimized for a specific speed and load, which increases its efficiency and reduces emissions.
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  WORKING OF SERIESHEV  The vehicle is powered by an electric motor, which draws power from a battery pack.  When the battery pack is low on charge, the ICE starts up automatically to generate electricity to recharge the battery pack.  The electricity generated by the ICE is sent to the battery pack, and the electric motor continues to power the vehicle.  The ICE is designed to run at a constant speed to maximize efficiency and minimize emissions.  The vehicle's computer system manages the power flow between the battery pack, electric motor, and ICE to optimize fuel efficiency and performance.
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  2)PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRICVEHICLE  A parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle where both an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor can be used to power the wheels.  In this configuration, the ICE and electric motor can work together or independently to provide power to the wheels, depending on driving conditions and the vehicle's operating mode.  The advantage of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle is that it can use the most efficient power source depending on driving conditions  Additionally, because both the ICE and electric motor can provide power to the wheels, the vehicle can have improved performance and acceleration.
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  WORKING OF PARALLELHEV  The vehicle is powered by an ICE and an electric motor, which can both provide power to the wheels.  The ICE can operate on its own or work in tandem with the electric motor to provide additional power.  The electric motor is powered by a battery pack, which can also be recharged through regenerative braking.  The vehicle's computer system manages the power flow between the ICE, electric motor, and battery pack to optimize fuel efficiency and performance.  Depending on the driving conditions, the computer system may use the ICE, electric motor, or both to provide power to the wheels.
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  GROWTH OF HEVMARKET SIZE • The global hybrid vehicle market size was valued at USD 350.1 billion in 2021 and it is expected to hit USD 1670.5 billion by 2030, rising at a CAGR of 28.90% during the forecast period 2022 to 2030.
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  ADVANTAGES OF HEV Fuel efficiency: HEVs typically get better fuel economy than traditional vehicles, as the electric motor provides additional power to the vehicle.  Lower emissions: HEVs produce fewer emissions than traditional vehicles, as the electric motor can power the vehicle without producing any emissions.  Reduced dependence on fossil fuels: By using electricity as a power source, HEVs help to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.  Improved performance: HEVs can offer improved acceleration and power compared to traditional vehicles.
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  DISADVANTAGES OF HEV High cost: HEVs are typically more expensive than traditional vehicles, due to the additional components required.  Limited driving range: Some HEVs have limited driving range on electric power alone, which can be a concern for some drivers.  Lack of charging infrastructure: While HEVs don't require charging like battery electric vehicles, the availability of charging infrastructure can still be a concern for some drivers.  Heavy weight: The additional components in HEVs can make them heavier than traditional vehicles, which can impact handling and fuel efficiency.
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  FUTURE SCOPE  Advancementsin battery technology: Improvements in battery technology can help to increase the driving range and reduce the weight of HEVs.  Improved charging infrastructure: As more charging infrastructure becomes available, it will become easier for drivers to charge their HEVs.  Government incentives for hybrid electric vehicle adoption: Governments can offer incentives such as tax credits or rebates to encourage the adoption of HEVs.  Expansion of hybrid electric vehicle models: As more manufacturers introduce HEVs into their lineup, there will be more options available to consumers.
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  CONCLUSION hybrid electric vehiclesare an increasingly popular and promising alternative to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. The future of automobiles turns out to be electric as the natural fuel resources will be in short within 60 – 70 years. HEVs are considered a more environmentally-friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, as they emit less carbon dioxide and other pollutants. They are also becoming more popular as the technology improves and the cost of batteries decreases.