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hydraulic brake presentation
Hydraulic brakes use liquid under pressure to transmit braking force from the brake pedal to the brakes. Fred Duesenberg originated hydraulic brakes on racing cars in 1914, and they were first used on a passenger car by Duesenberg in 1921. Hydraulic brakes work on Pascal's law, where pressure in a fluid is equal in all directions, allowing for uniform braking on all wheels. The key components are the master cylinder, wheel cylinders, brake shoes, brake drums, and brake lines and hoses. The master cylinder converts pedal force into hydraulic pressure, which is transmitted through incompressible brake fluid to wheel cylinders to actuate the brake shoes against the brake drums.
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hydraulic brake presentation
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- 3. DEFINITION: A type ofbrake, used in motor vehicles, in which the braking force is transmitted from the brake pedal to the brakes by a liquid under pressure HISTORY: Fred Duesenberg originated hydraulic brakes on his 1914 racing cars and Duesenberg was the first automotive marque to use the technology on a passenger car in 1921. In 1918 Malcolm Lougheed (who later changed the spelling of his name to Lockheed) developed a hydraulic brake system.
- 4. CLASIFICATIN OFBRAKES: On the Basis of Method of Actuation (a) Foot brake (also called service brake) operated by foot pedal. (b) Hand brake – it is also called parking brake operated by hand. On the Basis of Mode of Operation (a) Mechanical brakes (b) Hydraulic brakes (c) Air brakes (d) Vacuum brakes (e) Electric brakes On the Basis of Method of Application of Braking Contact (a) Internally – expanding brakes (b) Externally – contracting brakes.
- 5. PRINCIPLES OF HYDRAULICBRAKING: Hydraulic brakes work on the principle of Pascal’s law which states that “pressure at a point in a fluid is equal in all directions in space”. According to this law when pressure is applied on a fluid it travels equally in all directions so that uniform braking action is applied on all four wheels.
- 6. CONSTRUCTION • MASTER CYLINDER •WHEEL CYLINDER • BRAKE SHOES • BRAKE DRUM • BRAKE LINES AND HOSES
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- 9. • The mastercylinder is the heart of the brake's hydraulic system. • It converts the force exerted on the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure to apply the brakes. • Depressing the brake pedal moves a push rod in the master cylinder. Mounted on the push rod are a pair of pistons (primary and secondary) in tandem (one after the other) that exert force against the fluid in the master cylinder bore. • The pressure created displaces fluid through the various brake circuits and lines to each of the wheels and applies the brakes. • Since brake fluid is incompressible it acts like a liquid linkage between the master cylinder's pistons and the calipers and wheel cylinders.
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- 11. • A wheelcylinder is a component in a drum brake system. It is located in each wheel and is usually at the top, above the shoes. • Its responsibility is to exert force onto the shoes so they can contact the drum and stop the vehicle with friction.
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- 13. • Brake shoesare made of two pieces of sheet steel welded together. • The friction material is attached to the Lining table either by adhesive bonding or riveting. • The crescent shaped piece is called the Web and contains holes and slots in different shapes for return springs. • All the application force of the wheel cylinder is applied through the web to the lining table and brake lining. • Each brake assembly has two shoes, a primary and secondary. The primary shoe is located toward the front of the vehicle and has the lining positioned differently than the secondary shoe
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- 15. • The brakedrum is generally made of a special type of cast iron. It is positioned very close to the brake shoe without actually touching it, and rotates with the wheel and axle. • As the lining is pushed against the inner surface of the drum, friction heat can reach as high as 600 °F (316 °C). The brake drum must be: • Accurately balanced. • Sufficiently rigid. • Resistant against wear. • Highly heat-conductive. • Lightweight.
- 16. BRAKE FLUID Brake fluidsare used to transfer force into pressure. It works because liquids are incompressible. • Brake fluid is subjected to very high temperatures they have high boiling point • brake fluid must maintain a constant viscosity under a wide range of temperatures, including extreme cold • Brakes fluids must not corrode the metals used inside components such as calipers, master cylinders, etc. • Most brake fluids used today are glycol-ether based, but mineral oil and silicone (DOT 5) based fluids are also available.
- 17. OPERATION OF A HYDRAULICBRAKE SYSTEM • as the brake pedal is pressed, • a pushrod exerts force on the piston(s) in the master cylinder causing fluid from the brake fluid reservoir to flow into a pressure chamber which results in an increase in the pressure • This forces fluid through the hydraulic lines toward calipers where it acts upon one or two caliper pistons • The brake caliper piston(s) then apply force to the brake pads. This causes them to be pushed against the spinning rotor, and the friction between the pads and the rotor causes a braking torque to be generated, slowing the vehicle.
- 19. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULICBRAKES • ADVANTAGES I. Equal braking action on all wheels. II. Increased braking force. III. Simple in construction. IV. Low wear rate of brake linings. V. Flexibility of brake linings. VI. Increased mechanical advantage
- 20. DISADVANTAGES I. Whole brakingsystem fails due to leakage of fluid from brake linings. II. Presence of air inside the tubing's ruins the whole system.
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